Chapter 7

Front 1

Osteoblasts

Back 1

Bones forming cells

Front 2

Endochondrial bones

Back 2

Most of bones of the body- originate as masses of cartilage later replaced by bone tissue

Front 3

Growth at the Epiphyseal plate

Back 3

Bone growth takes place at the epiphyseal plate(growth plate)

Front 4

Growth at the epiphyseal Plate

Back 4

Bone remolding occurs throughout life as osteoclasts resorb bone & osteoblasts replace the bone

Front 5

Growth at the epiphyseal Plate

Back 5

10%-20% of the skeleton is replaced each year

Front 6

Nutrition

Back 6

Vitamin D is necessary for the absorption of calcium- available in milk and other diary products.

Front 7

Vitamins A

Back 7

Necessary for osteoblasts and osteoclasts activities

Front 8

Vitamin C

Back 8

Necessary for collagen synthesis

Front 9

Pituitary

Back 9

Gland secretes growth hormone

Front 10

Thyroid

Back 10

Secretes thyroxine that stimulates replacement of cartilage

Front 11

Physical stress stimulates bone growth-

Back 11

When muscle contract and pull against the attachment points, the stress stimulates bone tissue to strengthen

Front 12

Lack of exercise cause the bone-

Back 12

To waste away becoming thinner and weaker

Front 13

Bone function

Back 13

Bones shape, support and product body structures, aid in body movement, house tissues that produce blood cells and share various inorganic salts.

Front 14

Support protection and movement

Back 14

The lower limbs, pelvis and vertebral column support the body’s weight

Front 15

Support, protection and movement

Back 15

The bones of the skull protect the eyes, ears, and brain

Front 16

Support, protection, and movement

Back 16

Rib cage and shoulder girdle protect the heart and lungs

Front 17

Blood cells formation

Back 17

Hermatophosis

Hint 17

Process of blood cell formation- it starts in the yolk sac outside the embryo, then moves to the liver and spleen before they move to the bone marrow

Front 18

Two types of marrow

Back 18

Red+ yellow

Front 19

Red marrow

Back 19

Red blood cells, white blood cells and blood platelets form- the color of blood comes from hemoglobin

Front 20

Yellow marrow

Back 20

Stores fat

Front 21

Skeletal organization

Back 21

Number of bones in the body is often reported as 206

Front 22

Sutures

Back 22

Immovable joint between the flat bones of the skull

Front 23

Axial skeleton

Back 23

Bony and cartilaginous parts that support and protects organs of the head, neck and trunk

Front 24

Appendicular skeleton

Back 24

Bones of the upper and lower limbs and the bones that anchor the limbs to the axial skeleton

Front 25

Skeleton system

Back 25

Bones that support+ protect softer tissues, provides points of attachment for muscles, house blood- producing cells+ store inorganic salts

Front 26

Skeleton system

Back 26

Bones are classified by shape long bones, short bones, flat bones + irregular bones

Front 27

Bone structure parts of a long bones

Back 27

1. Epiphysis- expanded portion which articulates(forms a joint) w/ another bone

Front 28

Proximal epiphysis

Back 28

End of bone nearest the torso(closer)

Front 29

Distal epiphysis

Back 29

End farthest from torso

Front 30

Peristeum

Back 30

Touch vascular covering of dense connective tissue, that encloses the bone except for the articular cartilage on its end

Front 31

Compact bone

Back 31

Tightly packed tissue composing the wall of the diaphysis or cortical

Front 32

Spongy bone

Back 32

Cancellous bone making up the epiphysis- this is covered by thin layers of compact bone

Front 33

Medullary cavity

Back 33

Hallow chamber inside the semingid tube in the diaphysis of a long bone

Front 34

Osteocytes

Back 34

Bones cells located in bony chambers that transport nutrients

Front 35

Ostean

Back 35

Cylinders shaped unit of osteocytes that run longitudinal w/ the bone functioning as weight bearing pillows

Front 36

Appendicular skeleton

Back 36

Pectoral girdle- scapula( shoulder blade), clavide(collarbone)

Front 37

Upper limbs

Back 37

Humerus, radius, ulnar, carpals, metacarpals and phalanges

Front 38

Pelvic girdle

Back 38

Hip bones

Front 39

Lower Limbs

Back 39

Femur, patella, Tibia, fibula, tarsals,metatarsals, phalanges

Front 40

Skull

Back 40

Usually consists of 22 bones that are firmly interlocked along sutures except the lower jaw

Front 41

Facial skeleton

Back 41

8 of these bones make up the cranium and 14 make up the..

Front 42

Sutures

Back 42

Immovable joint

Front 43

Mandible( lower jawbone)

Back 43

Is moveable bone held to the cranium by ligaments

Front 44

Facial skeleton

Back 44

Consists of 13 immovable bones and a moveable lower jawbone.