Chapter 6 Vocab

Front 1

Cell theory

Back 1

The theory that organisms are composed of cells and that these cells are derived from preexisting cells

Front 2

Prokaryotes

Back 2

An organism whose cells do not have membrane-enclosed nuclei or organelleseukaryotes

Front 3

Eukaryotes

Back 3

An organism whose cells have a membrane-enclosed nucleus and organelles

Front 4

Nucleus

Back 4

In atoms, the central core containing protons and neutrons; in eukaryotic cells, the membrane-bound organelle that houses the chromosomes

Front 5

Chromosome

Back 5

a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

Front 6

Nucleoid

Back 6

A region in a prokaryotic cell consisting of a concentrated mass of DNA

Front 7

Plasmids

Back 7

A small ring of DNA in bacteria that carries genes separate from those of the chromosome

Front 8

Flagella

Back 8

Long cellular appendages specialized for locomotion; in eukaryotes, they contain a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two single inner microtubules; many protists and certain animal cells have flagella

Front 9

Cell/ plasma membrane

Back 9

The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane) is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment. The cell membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells.

Front 10

Cell wall

Back 10

A stiff covering around the plasma membrane of certain cells, as in plants, many algae, and some prokaryotes; in plants, the cell wall is constructed partly of cellulose

Front 11

Ribosomes

Back 11

a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins, found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. They bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins.

Front 12

Cytoplasm

Back 12

the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus.

Front 13

Cytosol

Back 13

the aqueous component of the cytoplasm of a cell, within which various organelles and particles are suspended.

Front 14

Organelles

Back 14

any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell.

Front 15

Nucleolus

Back 15

a small dense spherical structure in the nucleus of a cell during interphase.

Front 16

Cytoskeleton

Back 16

a microscopic network of protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells, giving them shape and coherence.

Front 17

ER

Back 17

An extensive membranous network in eukaryotic cells; composed of ribosome-studded (rough) and ribosome-free (smooth) regions

Front 18

Golgi

Back 18

An organelle in eukaryotic cells that stores and modifies proteins for specific functions and prepares them for transport to other parts of the cell. The Golgi apparatus is usually near the cell nucleus and consists of a stack of flattened sacs.

Front 19

Vesicles

Back 19

a fluid- or air-filled cavity or sac, in particular.

Front 20

Lysosomes

Back 20

an organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane.

Front 21

Vacuoles

Back 21

a space or vesicle within the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid.
a small cavity or space in tissue, especially in nervous tissue as the result of disease.

Front 22

Centrioles

Back 22

a minute cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division.

Front 23

Cilia

Back 23

a short, microscopic, hairlike vibrating structure. Cilia occur in large numbers on the surface of certain cells, either causing currents in the surrounding fluid, or, in some protozoans and other small organisms, providing propulsion.
an eyelash, or a delicate hairlike structure that resembles one.

Front 24

Colony

Back 24

1.
a country or area under the full or partial political control of another country, typically a distant one, and occupied by settlers from that country.
synonyms:

Front 25

Multicellular

Back 25

(of an organism or part) having or consisting of many cells.

Front 26

Cell differentiation

Back 26

In developmental biology, cellular differentiation is the process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as the organism changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types.

Front 27

Tissue

Back 27

any of the distinct types of material of which animals or plants are made, consisting of specialized cells and their products.

Front 28

Organ

Back 28

a part of an organism that is typically self-contained and has a specific vital function, such as the heart or liver in humans.

Front 29

Organ system

Back 29

In biology, an organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions. Organs make up an organism. In the human body, major systems are the circulatory system, the respiratory system, the nervous system and the digestive system.

Front 30

Organism

Back 30

an individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form.

Front 31

Cell theory

Back 31

The theory that organisms are composed of cells and that these cells are derived from preexisting cells

Front 32

Prokaryotes

Back 32

An organism whose cells do not have membrane-enclosed nuclei or organelleseukaryotes

Front 33

Eukaryotes

Back 33

An organism whose cells have a membrane-enclosed nucleus and organelles

Front 34

Nucleus

Back 34

In atoms, the central core containing protons and neutrons; in eukaryotic cells, the membrane-bound organelle that houses the chromosomes

Front 35

Chromosome

Back 35

a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

Front 36

Nucleoid

Back 36

A region in a prokaryotic cell consisting of a concentrated mass of DNA

Front 37

Plasmids

Back 37

A small ring of DNA in bacteria that carries genes separate from those of the chromosome

Front 38

Flagella

Back 38

Long cellular appendages specialized for locomotion; in eukaryotes, they contain a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two single inner microtubules; many protists and certain animal cells have flagella

Front 39

Cell/ plasma membrane

Back 39

The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane) is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment. The cell membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells.

Front 40

Cell wall

Back 40

A stiff covering around the plasma membrane of certain cells, as in plants, many algae, and some prokaryotes; in plants, the cell wall is constructed partly of cellulose

Front 41

Ribosomes

Back 41

a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins, found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. They bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins.

Front 42

Cytoplasm

Back 42

the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus.

Front 43

Cytosol

Back 43

the aqueous component of the cytoplasm of a cell, within which various organelles and particles are suspended.

Front 44

Organelles

Back 44

any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell.

Front 45

Nucleolus

Back 45

a small dense spherical structure in the nucleus of a cell during interphase.

Front 46

Cytoskeleton

Back 46

a microscopic network of protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells, giving them shape and coherence.

Front 47

ER

Back 47

An extensive membranous network in eukaryotic cells; composed of ribosome-studded (rough) and ribosome-free (smooth) regions

Front 48

Golgi

Back 48

An organelle in eukaryotic cells that stores and modifies proteins for specific functions and prepares them for transport to other parts of the cell. The Golgi apparatus is usually near the cell nucleus and consists of a stack of flattened sacs.

Front 49

Vesicles

Back 49

a fluid- or air-filled cavity or sac, in particular.

Front 50

Lysosomes

Back 50

an organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane.

Front 51

Vacuoles

Back 51

a space or vesicle within the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid.a small cavity or space in tissue, especially in nervous tissue as the result of disease.

Front 52

Centrioles

Back 52

a minute cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division.

Front 53

Cilia

Back 53

a short, microscopic, hairlike vibrating structure. Cilia occur in large numbers on the surface of certain cells, either causing currents in the surrounding fluid, or, in some protozoans and other small organisms, providing propulsion.an eyelash, or a delicate hairlike structure that resembles one.

Front 54

Colony

Back 54

1.a country or area under the full or partial political control of another country, typically a distant one, and occupied by settlers from that country.synonyms:

Front 55

Multicellular

Back 55

(of an organism or part) having or consisting of many cells.

Front 56

Cell differentiation

Back 56

In developmental biology, cellular differentiation is the process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as the organism changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types.

Front 57

Tissue

Back 57

any of the distinct types of material of which animals or plants are made, consisting of specialized cells and their products.

Front 58

Organ

Back 58

a part of an organism that is typically self-contained and has a specific vital function, such as the heart or liver in humans.

Front 59

Organ system

Back 59

In biology, an organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions. Organs make up an organism. In the human body, major systems are the circulatory system, the respiratory system, the nervous system and the digestive system.

Front 60

Organism

Back 60

an individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form.