Chapter 6: Urinary System

Front 1

Kidneys

Back 1

Two bean shaped organs located on each side of the vertebral column on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity behind the parietal peritoneum. Function is to remove waste products from blood and to aid in maintaining water and electrolyte balance

Front 2

Nephron

Back 2

Urine-producing microscopic structure. Approximately 1 million nephrons are located in each kidney

Front 3

Glomerulus

Back 3

Cluster of capillaries at the entrance of the nephron. The process of filtering the blood, thereby forming urine begins here

Front 4

Renal pelvis

Back 4

Funnel-shaped reservoir that collects the urine and passes it to the ureter

Front 5

Hilium

Back 5

Indentation on the medial side of the kidney where the renal artery, vein, and pelvis are located and the ureter leaves the kidney

Front 6

Ureters

Back 6

Two slender tubes, approximately 10-13 inches long that receive the urine from the kidneys and carry it to the posterior portion of the bladder

Front 7

Urinary bladder

Back 7

Muscular hollow organ that temporarily holds the urine. As it fills, the thick, muscular wall becomes thinner and the organ increases in size

Front 8

Urethra

Back 8

Lower part of the urinary tract, through which the urine passes from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. This narrow tube varies in length by sex. It is 1.5 inches in female and 8 inches in male, in whom it is also part of reproductive system. It carries fluid (semen) at the time of ejaculation

Front 9

Urinary meatus

Back 9

Opening through which urine passes to the outside

Front 10

Cyst/o, vesic/o

Back 10

Bladder, sac

Front 11

Glomerul/o

Back 11

Glomerulus

Front 12

Meat/o

Back 12

Meatus (opening)

Front 13

Nephr/o, ren/o

Back 13

Kidney

Front 14

Pyel/o

Back 14

Renal pelvis

Front 15

Ureter/o

Back 15

ureter

Front 16

urethr/o

Back 16

urethra

Front 17

albumin/o

Back 17

albumin

Front 18

azot/o

Back 18

urea, nitrogen

Front 19

blast/o

Back 19

developing cell, germ cell

Front 20

glyc/o, glycos/o

Back 20

Sugar

Front 21

hydr/o

Back 21

water

Front 22

lith/o

Back 22

stone, calculus

Front 23

noct/i

Back 23

night

Front 24

olig/o

Back 24

Scanty, few

Front 25

urin/o, ur/o

Back 25

Urine, urinary tract

Front 26

-iasis, esis

Back 26

Condition

Front 27

-lysis

Back 27

Loosening, dissolution, separating

Front 28

-ptosis

Back 28

Drooping, sagging, prolapse

Front 29

-rrhaphy

Back 29

Suturing, repairing

Front 30

-tripsy

Back 30

surgical crushing

Front 31

-trophy

Back 31

Nourishment, development

Front 32

-uria

Back 32

Urine, urination

Front 33

azotemia

Back 33

Urea in the blood (resulting from disease of the kidney

Front 34

cystitis

Back 34

Inflammation of the bladder

Front 35

Cystocele

Back 35

Protrusion of the bladder

Front 36

Cystolith

Back 36

Stones in the bladder

Front 37

glomerulonephritis

Back 37

Inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney

Front 38

Hydronephrosis

Back 38

abnormal condition of water in the kidney

Front 39

Nephritis

Back 39

inflammation of a kidney

Front 40

nephroblastoma

Back 40

Kidney tumor containing developing germ cells (malignant tumor) aka. Wilms tumor

Front 41

Nephrohypertrophy

Back 41

Excessive development (increase in size of kidney)

Front 42

Nephrolithiasis

Back 42

Condition of stones in the kidney

Front 43

Nephroma

Back 43

Tumor of the kidney

Front 44

Nephromegaly

Back 44

Enlargement of a kidney

Front 45

Nephroptosis

Back 45

Drooping kidney

Front 46

Pyelitis

Back 46

Inflammation of the renal pelvis

Front 47

pyelonephritis

Back 47

Inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney

Front 48

Uteritis

Back 48

Inflammation of a uterer

Front 49

Ureterocele

Back 49

Protrusion of a ureter (distally into the bladder)

Front 50

ureterolithiasis

Back 50

Condition of stones in the ureter

Front 51

Ureterostenosis

Back 51

Narrowing of the uterer

Front 52

Urethrocystisis

Back 52

Inflammation of the urethra and the bladder

Front 53

epispadias

Back 53

congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is located on the upper surface of the penis

Front 54

hypospadias

Back 54

congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is located on the underside of the penis, similar defect can occur in the female

Front 55

polycystic kidney disease

Back 55

condition in which kidney contains many cysts and is enlarged

Front 56

Renal calculus

Back 56

Stone in kidney

Front 57

renal failure

Back 57

loss of kidney function resulting in its inability to remove waste products from the body and maintain electrolyte balance

Front 58

Renal hypertension

Back 58

Elevated blood pressure resulting from kidney disease

Front 59

Urinary retention

Back 59

Abnormal condition of urine in the bladder because of inability to urinate

Front 60

Urinary suppression

Back 60

Sudden stoppage of urine formation

Front 61

Urinary Tract Infection

Back 61

Infection of one or more organs of the urinary tract

Front 62

Acute renal failure

Back 62

Sudden and severe reduction in renal function resulting in a collection of metabolic waste in the body. ARF may be caused by excessive bleeding, trauma, obstruction, adverse drug reactions, or severe infection. Prompt treatment can reverse the condition and recovery can occur

Front 63

Chronic Kidney Disease

Back 63

progressive, irreversible, loss of renal function, and the onset of uremia. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and glomerulonephritis may cause CKD. Dialysis and kidney transplant are used in treating this disease.

Front 64

End-stage renal disease

Back 64

chronic renal failure when kidney function is too poor to sustain life

Front 65

cystectomy

Back 65

Excision of the bladder

Front 66

cystolithotomy

Back 66

Incision into the bladder to remove stones

Front 67

cystorrhaphy

Back 67

Suturing the bladder

Front 68

cystostomy

Back 68

creation of an artificial opening into the badder

Front 69

cystotomy, vesicotomy

Back 69

Incision of the bladder

Front 70

lithotripsy

Back 70

Surgical crushing of stones

Front 71

meatotomy

Back 71

incision of the meatus (to enlarge it)

Front 72

nephrectomy

Back 72

excision of the kidney

Front 73

nephrolithotomy

Back 73

incision of the kidneys to remove stones

Front 74

nephrolithotripsy

Back 74

surgical crushing of stones in the kidney

Front 75

Nephrolysis

Back 75

separating the kidney from other body structures

Front 76

nephropexy

Back 76

surgical fixation of the kidney

Front 77

Nephrostomy

Back 77

creation of an artificial opening into the kidney

Front 78

pyelolithotomy

Back 78

incision into the renal pelvis to remove stones

Front 79

pyeloplasty

Back 79

surgical repair of the renal pelvis

Front 80

ureterectomy

Back 80

excision of the ureter

Front 81

ureterostomy

Back 81

creation of artificial opening into ureter (ureter brought to surface of skin)

Front 82

urethroplasty

Back 82

surgical repair of urethra

Front 83

vesicourethral suspension

Back 83

suspension pertaining to bladder and urethra

Front 84

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

Back 84

noninvasive surgical procedure to crush stones in the kidney or ureter by administration of repeated shockwaves. Stone fragments are eliminated from the body in urine

Front 85

Fulguration

Back 85

destruction of living tissue with an electric spark (used to destroy bladder growths)

Front 86

renal transplant

Back 86

Surgical implantation of a donor kidney into a patient with inadequate renal function

Front 87

cystogram

Back 87

radiographic image of the bladder

Front 88

cystography

Back 88

radiographic imaging of the bladder

Front 89

intravenous urogram (IVU)

Back 89

radiographic image of the urinary tract with contrast medium injected intravenously

Front 90

nephrography

Back 90

radiographic imaging of the kidney

Front 91

nephrosonography

Back 91

process of recording the kidney using sound

Front 92

nephrotomogram

Back 92

sectional radiographic image of the kidney

Front 93

renogram

Back 93

radiographic record of the kidney (nuclear medicine test, used to evaluate kidney function) AKA renal scan

Front 94

retrograde urogram

Back 94

radiographic image of urinary tract

Front 95

voiding cytourethrography (VCUG)

Back 95

Radiographic imaging of the bladder and the urethra (radiographic images are taken of the bladder before and during urination)

Front 96

cytoscope

Back 96

instrument used for visual examination of the bladder

Front 97

nephroscopy

Back 97

visual examination of the kidney

Front 98

ureteroscopy

Back 98

visual examination of the ureter

Front 99

urethroscope

Back 99

instrument used for visual examination of the urethra

Front 100

cytoscopy

Back 100

visual examination of bladder

Front 101

KUB (Kidney, ureter, and bladder)

Back 101

simple radiographic image of the abdomen. It is often used to view the kidneys, ureters, and bladder to determine size, shape, and location. Also used to identify calculi in the kidney, ureters, or bladder, or to diagnose intestinal obstruction

Front 102

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

Back 102

blood test that measures the amount of urea in the blood. An increased BUN detects an abnormality in renal function

Front 103

creatinine

Back 103

blood test that measures the amount of creatinine in the blood. An elevated amount may indicate impaired kidney function

Front 104

Specific gravity (SG)

Back 104

test performed on a urine specimen to measure the concentrating or diluting ability if the kidneys

Front 105

urinalysis (UA)

Back 105

multiple routine tests performed on a urine specimen. Physical examination and chemical analysis of a urine specimen provides screening for blood, glucose, protein, and other substances in the urine and offers a picture of overall health

Front 106

albuminuria

Back 106

albumin in the urine (indicates kidney problem)

Front 107

anuria

Back 107

absence of urine

Front 108

diuresis

Back 108

indication of urine passing through (increased excretion of urine)

Front 109

dysuria

Back 109

difficult or painful urination

Front 110

glycosuria

Back 110

sugar in the urine

Front 111

hematuria

Back 111

blood in urine

Front 112

meatal

Back 112

pertaining to meatus

Front 113

nephrologist

Back 113

physician who studies and treats diseases of kidney

Front 114

nephrology

Back 114

study of the kidney

Front 115

nocturia

Back 115

night urination

Front 116

oliguria

Back 116

scanty urine (Amount)

Front 117

polyuria

Back 117

much (excessive) urine

Front 118

pyuria

Back 118

pus in the urine

Front 119

urinary

Back 119

pertaining to urine

Front 120

urologist

Back 120

physician who studies and treats diseases of the urinary tract

Front 121

urology

Back 121

study of urinary tract

Front 122

catheter (cath)

Back 122

flexible, tubelike device, such as a urinary catheter, for withdrawing or instilling fluids

Front 123

distended

Back 123

stretched out (bladder when filled with urine)

Front 124

enuresis

Back 124

involuntary urination

Front 125

hemodialysis (HD)

Back 125

procedure for removing impurities from the blood because of inability of kidneys to do so

Front 126

incontinence

Back 126

inability to control the bladder and/or bowels

Front 127

micturate

Back 127

to urinate or void

Front 128

peritoneal dialysis

Back 128

procedure for removing toxic wastes when the kidney is unable to do so; the peritoneal cavity is used as the receptacle for the fluid used in the dialysis

Front 129

stricture

Back 129

abnormal narrowing such as a urethral structure

Front 130

urinal

Back 130

receptacle for urine

Front 131

urinary catheterization

Back 131

passage of a catheter into the urinary bladder to withdraw urine

Front 132

urodynamics

Back 132

pertaining to the force and flow of urine within the urinary tract

Front 133

void

Back 133

to empty or evacuate waste material, especially urine