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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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anatomy |
the study of the structures of the human body that can be seen with the naked eye, and of what substances they are made; the science of the structure of organisms, or of their parts |
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physiology |
the study of the functions and activities performed by the body structures |
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histology |
the study of the tiny structures found in living tissue; microscopic anatomy |
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cells |
basic unit of all living things; responsible for carrying on all life processes |
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protoplasm |
colorless, jelly-like substance in which food elements are present |
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cytoplasm |
all the protoplasm of the cell except that found in the nucleus; contains the food material necessary for cell growth, reproduction and self-repair |
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nucleus |
the dense, active protoplasm found in the center of the cell; plays an important part in cell reproduction and metabolism |
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What can be found within the nucleus? |
Nucleoplasm, a fluid that contains proteins and DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). DNA determines our genetic makeup. |
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cell membrane |
encloses the protoplasm and permits soluble substances to enter and leave the cell |
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mitosis |
also called indirect division; the usual process of cell reproduction that occurs when the cell divides into two identical daughter cells |
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metabolism |
chemical process through which cells are nourished and carry out their activities; metabolism has two phases - anabolism and catabolism - that are carried out simultaneously and continually |
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anabolism |
"constructive metabolism"; the process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones; during this process, the body stores water, food and oxygen for the time when these substances will be needed for cell growth and repair |
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catabolism |
the phase of metabolism in which complex compounds within the cells are broken down into smaller ones; this process releases energy for the body's use |
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tissue |
group of similar cells that perform a specific function |
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connective tissue |
supports, protects and binds together other body tissues; e.g., bone, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, fascia, fat/adipose tissue; collagen and elastin are protein fibers located in the connective tissue |
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epithelial tissue |
protective covering on body surfaces; e.g., epidermis (skin), mucous membranes, the lining of the heart, respiratory and digestive organs, and the glands |
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muscle tissue |
contracts and moves various parts of the body |
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nerve tissue |
carries messages to and from the brain, controls and coordinates all bodily functions; composed of neurons; e.g., brain, spinal cord, nerves |
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liquid tissue |
"liquid connective tissue"; transports food, waste products and hormones to/from various parts of the body; e.g., blood, lymph |
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cartilage |
a type of connective tissue; tough, elastic substance which cushions at the joint |
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collagen |
a protein fiber located in the connective tissue; provides strength |
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elastin |
protein fiber located in the connective tissue; provides elasticity |
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major body organs (9) |
brain, eyes, heart, lungs, stomach, liver, intestines, kidneys, skin |
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body systems (11) |
- skeletal - muscular - nervous - circulatory - lymphatic/immune - endocrine - digestive - excretory - respiratory - integumentary - reproductive |
