Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
skin
|
composed of several tissue types largest organ in the body maintains homeostasis protective covering retards water loss regulates body temperature houses sensory receptors synthesizes chemicals excretes small amounts of wastes |
|
|
epidermis
|
cutaneous layer outer layer stratified squamous epithelium lacks blood vessels keratinized (waterproof) thickest on palms and soles melanocytes provide melanin rests on basement membrane |
|
|
dermis
|
cutaneous layer inner layer contains collagenous and elastic fibers |
|
|
subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)
|
beneath dermis areolar and adipose connective tissue |
|
|
5 layers of the epidermis
|
Stratum corneum statum lucidum stratum granulosum stratum spinosum statum basale |
|
|
Stratum Corneum
|
top layer (dead cell) fully keratinized (dry skin flake off) |
|
|
Stratum lucidum
|
sole of foot/palm of hand
|
|
|
Stratum granulosum
|
nucleus is breaking down Apoptosis actively dying |
|
|
stratum spinosum
|
keratin (protein) begins to be made fill up cell to make skin strong |
|
|
stratum basale
|
cuboidal cells, connects epidermis to dermis balance loss, corns, calluses friction and pressure to make cells divide cells division - where new cells are made |
|
|
melanocytes
|
located in stratum basale produce the dark pigment melanin melanin gives skin color and also absorbs UV light good to protect DNA Factors influencing skin color: genetic factors environmental factors(sunlight) physiological factors (blood supply) |
|
|
2 layers of the dermis
|
papillary layer (bump layer) Reticular layer |
|
|
papillary layer (dermis)
|
Areolar thin superficial dermal papillae(increases surface area of the epidermis) makes more skin, nutrients, and makes fingerprint pattern |
|
|
reticular layer
|
dense irregular connective tissue most of dermis |
|
|
dermis
|
contains dermal papillae binds epidermis to underlying tissues connective tissue muscle tissue nerve cell processes specialized sensory receptors blood vessels hair follicles glands |
|
|
accessory structures of skin
|
nails hair follicles skin glands |
|
|
nails
|
protective covering 3-parts nail plate nail bed lunula |
|
|
hair follicles
|
epidermal cells tube-like depression extends into dermis 3-parts: hair root, hair bulb, hair shaft(dead, epidermal cells) hair papilla (increase surface to get more nutrients) hair color is due to type and amount of melanin arrector pili muscle(makes hair stand up) smooth muscle |
|
|
Sebaceous Gland
|
oil secreting glands (sebum fatty material and cellular debris) usually associated with hair follicle absent on palms and soles sebum's function: keeps hair and skin soft, pliable and waterproof to much sebum can cause acne |
|
|
Sweat glands
|
contains water, salt and waste also called sudoriferous glands widespread in skin originates in deeper dermis of subcutaneous ceruminous glands: ear wax (cerumen) insect repellant |
|
|
eccrine gland
|
temperature regulations and excretory
|
|
|
Apocrine glands
|
scent gland after puberty chemical eats bacteria which causes odor |
|
|
ceruminous glands
|
ear wax (cerumen) insect repellant
|
|
|
tactile (Meissner's) corpuscle
|
surface of skin feels texture & light touch
|
|
|
Lamellated (Pacinian) Corpuscle
|
pick up deep pressure
|
|
|
Regulation of Body Temperature
|
key role in the homeostatic mechanism that regulates body temperature Heat is a product of cellular metabolism The most active body cells are the heat producers and include: skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, cells of certain glands such as the liver |
|
|
Heat Production and Loss
|
Radiation- warm areas to cold areas - primary means of heat conduction- heat loss through touch (warm surface to cold surface) convection-heat loss through air Evaporation- eccrine sweat glands- water for heat loss(sweating) , water evaporates turns into gas taking heat with it. |
|
|
body temperature rises
|
when body temperatures rises warm blood reaches the brain hypothalamus sends signals to the blood vessels dermal blood vessels vasodilate (open up) deeper vessels vasoconstrict (constrict) sweat glands activate |
|
|
body temperature drops
|
opposite occurs skeletal muscle contract slightly - to try to increase body temperature vasoconstrict blood vessels in skin to retain heat |
|
|
if body temperature drops more
|
shivering occurs (rhythmic contractions)
|
|
|
healing of wounds and burns
|
inflammation is a normal response to injury or stress blood vessels in affected tissues dilate and become more permeable, allowing fluids to leak into the damaged tissues inflammed skin may become: reddened, swollen, warm, painful basale dialiation |
|
|
first degree burns
|
superficial, partial-thickness (epidermis)
|
|
|
second degree burns
|
deep, partial-thickness (all the way to dermis)
|
|
|
third degree burns
|
full-thickness (epidermis, dermis and exccessory organs) autograft(self skin) allograft(donor skin) various skin substitutes(fake skin) |
|
|
|
|
