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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Support
Protection Movement Storage Minerals and Fat Blood cell formation Hemapoesis Red bone marrow |
What are the functions of Skeletal system?
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calcium and phosphate
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What kind of minerals are in bone?
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In marrow cavity
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Where is the fat stored in bone tissue?
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Hemapoesis
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Blood cell production, which occurs in the red bone marrow after birth.
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Red bone marrow
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a connective tissue that produces R.B.C and W.B.C and platelets
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Intercellular substance, matrix or ground substance
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Mineral salts:
67% primarily tricalcium phosphate calcium carbinate Collagenous fibers 33% stroma needed for hardening of bone |
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Mesenchymal Cells
Osteoprogenitor cells Osteoblast Osteocyte Osteoclast |
What are the cells of bone called?
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Mesenchymal cell
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Give rise to osteogenic cells and conn. tissue
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Osteoprogenitor cells
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In the periosteum; areound bone; give rise to osteoblast
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Osteoblast
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Secrete organic matrix "ostoid" deposits minerals of matrix
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Osteocytes
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Mature osteoblasts; confined to "lacunae"; maintain matrix; reduced division
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Osteoclast
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From fussion of many monocytes (w.b.c)
Large multinucleate cells Reaborb bone function in bone growth, remodeling and repair |
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Diaphysis
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bones shaft or body; long, cylinderical, main portion of bone
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Epiphyses
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proximal and distal
contain red marrow |
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Red Marrow
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Blood cells produced here; red marrow in epiphyses and flat bones
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Metaphyses
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Region where calcified matrix is replaced by bone
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Articular cartilage
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At ends of epiphyses; of hyaline cartilage; reduces friction and absorbs shock; lacks a perichondrium
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Periosteum (Definition)
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Surrounds the bone wherever it is not covered by articular cartilage; has osteoblasts; protect and helps mend bone; serves as ligament attachment
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Periosteum (Definition in W.B.)
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Outer fibrous layer
Inner fibrous layer |
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Outer fibrous layer
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Has vessels
of dense irr. conn. tissue |
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Inner fibrous layer
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Esp. high in osteoblasts
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Medullary Cavity
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space within the diaphyses that contains fatty yellow bone marrow in adults
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Yellow Marrow
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consists of mainly adipose cells that store triglycerides
a few blood cells chemical energy reserve |
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Endosteum
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lines the medullary cavity
single layer of bone forming cells (osteoblasts) a small amount of conn. tissue |
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Compact bone
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few spaces
external layer of all bones bulk of diaphyses on long bones protection and support of stress and movement |
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Diaphyses of long bones; thin covering over spongy bone
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Compact Bone (LOCATION)
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Osteon (haversian canal)
Interstital lamallae Periosteum Medullary cavity Endosteum Perforating Canals |
Compact Bone (STRUCTURE)
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Osteon (haversian canal)
(STRUCTURE) |
Lamallae
Lacunae Osteocyte Canaliculi Central canal |
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Lamallae
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rings of hard calcified extracellular matrix
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Lacunae
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Btwn. the lamallae are small spaces called ___.
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Osteocyte
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mature bone cells
maintain metabolism inside the Lacunae |
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Canaliculi
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small channels
filled with extracellular fluid |
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Central Canal
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runs longitudinally with bone
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Interstitial lamallae
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fragments of older osteons that have been partially destroyed during rebuilding or growth
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Capillary loops
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Which does NOT make up the structure compact bone?
Periosteum Interstital Lamallae Endosteum Capillary loops |
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Perforating canals
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Blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves from the periosteum penetrate the compact bone
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Spongy Bone (STRUCTURE)
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Does NOT contain osteons
Trabeculae Osteocytes Lamallae Lacunae Canaliculi |
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Spongy Bone (LOCATION)
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Epiphyses of long bones, short, flat, and irregular bones
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Trabeculae
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"little beams"
lamallae arranged in an irregular latticework of thin columns of bone |
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Intramembranous Occification
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(osteoblasts develop if capillary blood supply adequate)
1. Mesenchymal Cells in fibrous membrane ; receive blood supply; occurs in centers of oss. 2. Mesenchymal cells form osteoprogenitor cells 3. Osteoprogenitor cells form Osteoblasts; secrete "osteoid" (organic matrix) 4. Osteoblast -Osteocyte (confined to the lacunae) 5. Matrix becomes calcified; trabeculae begin to form 6. Trabeculae fuse to form spongy bone; spaces fill with red marrow 7. Periosteum forms on periphery of spongy bone; produces compact bone |
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Intramembranous Occification
(LOCATION) |
flat bones of skull; part of lower jaw and collar bone; fetal fontanels
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Endochondral Ossification
(LOCATION) |
Diaphyses of long bones; surface of epiphyses; surface of all bones (short, flat, irregular)
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Endochondral Ossification
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1. Mesenchymal cells migrate to the site of future bone; form condroblast
2. Chondroblasts form hyaline cartilage template of future bone 3. Nutrient artery penetrates diaphysis; marrow cavity and bone begins to develop in primary center of oss. 4. Epiphyseal arteries penetrate through epiphysis; bone development begins in epiphyses in secondary centers of oss. |
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Bone Growth In Length
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get longer and wider
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Epiphyseal plate
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btwn. diaphysis and epiphyses; consists of 4 zones
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Basic process
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cartilage cells are present and reproduce at the epiphyseal end of the epiphyseal plate; the enlarge and die; are replaced with calified matrix at the diaphyseal end of the epiphyseal plate.
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Metaphysis
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region btwn. diaphysis and epiphysis where calcified matrix is replaced by bone
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Epiphyseal line
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means that bone growth is over
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Human growth hormone
Sex hormones Calcitonin Parathyroid hormone Dietary factors Exercise |
growth in bone is influenced by _____.
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Appositional growth
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in diameter
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Osteoblasts
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in periosteum; increase outside diameter of bone
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Osteoclasts
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in endosteum; increase inside diameter of the marrow cavity
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Remodeling
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ongoing replacement of old bone tissue by new bone tissue
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Osteoblast
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building of extracellular matrix (secretes); deposition of minerals and salts
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Osteoclast
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destruction of extracellular matrix; the removal of minerals and salts
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hormones
diet stress osteoblasts osteoclasts |
Bone Replacement
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Nutrient Artery
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Largest artery to medullary cavity in diaphysis; extends into haversian canals
Nutrient foramen |
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Nutrient foramen
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The hole where the artery goes through
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Epiphyseal arteries
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Penetrates epiphyses
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Periosteal arteries
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Enter volksman's canals; at right angles to long axis of bone
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Nerves
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Vasomotor nerves
Sensory nerves |
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Vasomotor nerves
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constriction of vessel
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Sensory nerves
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Nerve that sends impulses to your brain that say "that hurts"; it senses that the body is in pain.
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