Chapter 6 Osseous Tissue And Bone Structure

Front 1

5 Skeletal Functions

Back 1

Support,

Storage,

Blood cell production

Protection

Leverage

Front 2

6 Shapes of Bone

Back 2

Sutural Bones,

Irregular Bones,

Short Bones,

Flat Bones,

Sesamoid Bones

Front 3

Sutural Bones

Back 3

Small, irregular bones,

Found between the flat bones of the skull

Front 4

Irregular Bones

Back 4

Have complex shapes,

Spinal vertebrae and pelvic bones

Front 5

Short Bones

Back 5

Small thick bones,

Wrist bones (carpels),

Ankle bones (tarsals)

Front 6

Long Bones

Back 6

Long and thin,

Found in arms, legs, hands, feet, fingers, toes

Front 7

Sesamoid Bones

Back 7

Small and flat,

Develop inside tendons near joints of knees, hands, and feet

Front 8

Epiphysis

Back 8

Wide part at each end,

Articulation with other bones,

Mostly Spongy Bone,

Covered with compact bone

Front 9

Metaphysis

Back 9

Where the diaphysis and Epiphysis meet

Front 10

Diaphysis

Back 10

The shaft,

The heavy wall of compact bone or dense bone,

Has a central space called the medullary cavity

Front 11

Periosteum

Back 11

Covers the outer part of Bone,

Isolates bone from surrounding tissue,

Provides route for blood vessels and nerves,

Takes part in bone growth and repair

Front 12

2 layers of Periosteum

Back 12

Fibrous Layer,

Cellular layer

Front 13

Fibrous Layer

Back 13

Contains blood vessels and nerves

Front 14

Cellular Layer

Back 14

Singular layer of cells that give rise to osteoblast

Front 15

Compact Bone

Back 15

Deep to the Periosteum,

Superficial to the spongy bone,

Dense bone that contains parallel osteons

Front 16

Spongy bone

Back 16

Also called Cancellous Bone,

Deep to the Compact Bone,

Forms a meshwork of supporting bundles of fibers called trabeculae

Front 17

Trabeculae

Back 17

The meshwork that makes up spongy bone

Front 18

Bone Composition

Back 18

Bone is made up of a matrix and several types of cells

Front 19

Bone Matrix

Back 19

Very dense and contains deposits of calcium salts

Front 20

Calcium Phosphate

Back 20

Makes up 2/3rds of bone matrix

Front 21

Collagen Fibers (proteins)

Back 21

Makes up 1/3rd of bone matrix

Front 22

2% of bone mass

Back 22

are made up by bone cells

Front 23

4 Bone cells

Back 23

Osteocytes,

Osteoblasts,

Osteoprogenitor cells

Osteoclasts

Front 24

Osteoprogenitor Cells

Back 24

Squamous stem cells that divide to produce daughter cells that differentiate into osteoblasts

Front 25

Osteoblasts

Back 25

Immature cells that secret matrix compounds also know as osteoid. Once completely surrounded by bone matrix, they become osteocytes

Front 26

Osteocytes

Back 26

Mature bone cells,

Live in lacunae,

Between layers of lamellae,

Connected by canaliculi,

Do not divide

Front 27

Lacunae

Back 27

A pocket which holds the osteocyte, sandwiched between layers of bone matrix

Front 28

Lamellae

Back 28

The layers of matrix surrounding lucunae and canaliculi

Front 29

Canaliculi

Back 29

Narrow passageways penetrating the lamellae, connecting lununae with one another and connecting lucunae with the central canal,

allowing the exchange of nutrients and minerals.

Front 30

Osteoclasts

Back 30

Multi Nucleated,

Absorb and remove bone matrix through osteolysis

Front 31

Osteolysis

Back 31

Acids and protein-digestive enzymes secreted by osteoclasts dissolving the bone matrix and releasing it's stored minerals.

Front 32

Central Canal

Back 32

Found at the center of an osteon containing one or more blood vessels that carry blood to and from the osteon

Front 33

Perforating canals

Back 33

Extend perpendicular to the surround surface holding blood vessels that supply blood to osteons deeper in the tissue and to tissues of the medullary cavity.

Front 34

Medullary Cavity

Back 34

The space in between bone that contains marrow

Front 35

Endosteum

Back 35

an incomplete cellular layer that lines the medullary cavity, the trabeculae in spongy bone, and the surfaces of the central canals found in compact bone.

Front 36

6th Step of Endochondral Ossification

Back 36

Epiphyses fills with spongy bone,

The metaphysis is currently the epiphyseal cartlage/plate,

It now separates the epiphysis from the diaphysis,

Chondrocytes are organized by Zones

Front 37

Zones of chondrocytes

Back 37

Osteoblasts move up diaphysis replacing cartilage with bone,

Chondrocytes degenerate on diaphysis side,

Chondrocytes divide and enlarge on epiphyseal side

Front 38

Step 7 of Endochondral Ossification

Back 38

At puberty,

Cartilage production slows and osteoblast accelerate,

Epiphyseal cartilage ultimately disapears,

Epiphyseal line remains once epiphyseal growth has stopped

Front 39

Epiphyseal Closure

Back 39

An event that results the epiphyseal cartilage gets more and more narrow, until it disappears

Front 40

Epiphyseal Line

Back 40

Line created when epiphyseal growth has stopped,

The former location of the epiphyseal cartilage

Front 41

Articular Cartilage

Back 41

At the end of endochondral ossification a thin cap of the original cartilage remains exposed to the joint cavity,

It prevents damaging the joint from bone to bone contact.