Chapter 6 - Music 103

Front 1

The conservatism and control exerted in the 50s gave what to what in the 60s?

Back 1

Open social change and political upheaval.

Front 2

The 60s posed a dramatic political shift in which direction?

Back 2

Left; many grassroots political movements began, heavy interest in civil rights, womens' rights, black power.

Front 3

Why is it ironic that civil rights activists detested rock?

Back 3

Because rock promoted the mixing of race, class and age.

Front 4

President of the USA in the 1960's as the country tried to find "a new image".

Back 4

John F. Kennedy

Front 5

How were civil rights movements and music linked?

Back 5

Linked by early union songs and spirituals, such as "What side are you on?"

Front 6

Which cultural institution became a force to be reckoned with, both in pop music and civil rights?

Back 6

The black church (Martin Luther King, fusion of gospel into r&b, etc.)

Front 7

The struggle for black equity received a huge boost from what?

Back 7

The rise in popularity of southern black artists such as Fats Domino.

Front 8

Decribe the transformation of r&b in the early 60s.

Back 8

R&B moved "uptown" and became more polished and urban, produced in high-tech studios.

Front 9

Score of new female black vocal groups were known as __________.

Back 9

Girl groups (The Crystals, The Chiffons, The Ronettes)

Front 10

Name the only 2 white girl groups.

Back 10

The Angels and the Shangri-Las.

Front 11

Male producer who propelled many girl groups to fame via formula and his "wall of sound".

Back 11

Phil Spector

Front 12

This sound was known to be "Nazi-like", taking hours to record minutes worth of song, very egoist and detail-oriented.

Back 12

The Spector Sound.

Front 13

Spector was known to do what with girl groups?

Back 13

Interchange members among groups and replace talent rapidly. Spector saw the girls as replacable commodities.

Front 14

Where were many of Spectors' hits written?

Back 14

Brill Building (white songwriters composing for black vocalists)

Front 15

What was Spector's special interest in The Ronettes?

Back 15

He married the lead singer, Veronica Bennett.

Front 16

Common lyrical content of girl groups and how were they marketed?

Back 16

Relationships with men, marketed for sexual appeal through perceived innocence.

Front 17

What trend marked the "beginning of the end" for girl groups?

Back 17

British Invasion and other obstacles such as gender and race.

Front 18

Largest black-owned corporation in the USA until 1988. Founded by Berry Gordy in Detroit.

Back 18

Motown.

Front 19

Very secretive, opened up a new chapter of equal treatment for black artists, grooming them for long careers.

Back 19

Motown & Berry Gordy groomed their artists in all aspects of career development (etiquette, dance, voice)

Front 20

What was the "Motown Sound"?

Back 20

Upbeat black pop music, irresistably danceable, threatened no one in content or tone.

Front 21

What audience did Motown strive to target and how did they do this?

Back 21

Unique production techniques were aimed at the ultimte crossover; most of their hits sold to over 70% white audiences.

Front 22

What was a notable difference in the careers of Motown artists?

Back 22

They enjoyed an unheardof longevity for black artists, such as The Supremes (Diana Ross).

Front 23

How were Motown songs written differently?

Back 23

Composed shorter so that they woul receive more radio play. Motown writers rivalled Brill Building professionals.

Front 24

Was Motown involved in politics or the Civil Rights Movement?

Back 24

No, the company tended to shy away from policitally touchy subjects and never became a voice for the Movement.

Front 25

Who were the 2 large players in the folk revival?

Back 25

Woodie Guthrie and Peete Seeger formed Almanac Singers in 1941. Seeger fought against commercialism in music, wanted a disctinction between commercial & authentic artists.

Front 26

Who visited Guthrie in the hospital on his deathbed?

Back 26

Bob Dylan, who described himself as a "Guthrie Jukebox".

Front 27

Born Robert Zimmerman in Minnesota to a Jewish family and signed his first record deal in _____.

Back 27

Bob Dylan; first signed with Columbia in 1952.

Front 28

Was recognized early in his career as a leader in the Civil Rights movement, helped transform lyrical content of music.

Back 28

Bob Dylan.

Front 29

What did Bob Dylan do at a 1965 Folk Festival that enraged Seeger and resulted in him being booed off stage?

Back 29

Played an electric guitar.

Front 30

Known for ushering in the era of Folk Rock.

Back 30

Bob Dylan.

Front 31

Canadian Cree folk singer.

Back 31

Buffy St. Marie.

Front 32

Merged gospel and r&b in a "pop gospel fusion."

Back 32

Curtis Mayfield.

Front 33

The year that JFK was assassinated.

Back 33

1963; marked the end of his "New Frontier" promise and brought a national mood of defeat.

Front 34

The year the Beatles landed in USA, raising the entire mood of the nation.

Back 34

1964.

Front 35

True or False: Many British artists were well-known in the USA, and unheardof at home.

Back 35

True.

Front 36

The type of music that overshadowed music like Tex Mex, Latino, etc. became known as what?

Back 36

The British Assault.

Front 37

Where were the Beatles from? Who was their producer?

Back 37

The Beatles hailed from dreary industrial Liverpool, which had a flourishing rock culture from sea men. Brian Epstein was their producer.

Front 38

What is skiffle?

Back 38

Rock and roll mingled with British folk styles that achieved pop status. Skiffle shaped the Beatles.

Front 39

What was the Beatles' first single?

Back 39

"Love Me Do" (1962) was recordedd in Britain with EMI. Their first movie was "A Hard Day's Night (documentary).

Front 40

This group hailed from Manchester and was known for their bizarre dance move, "Do the Freddy."

Back 40

Herman's Hermits; they were a terrible group but oddly gained huge popularity.

Front 41

London was far more eclectic and produced 2 of the most influential groups in the USA. Which groups were they?~

Back 41

The Rolling Stones (Jagger) and The Animals (Burdon). Both groups were blues revivalists and heavily influenced by black music.

Front 42

Which charts were affected by the British onslaught in USA?

Back 42

The r&b charts were briefly discontinued, black artists declined, but most of Motown survived.

Front 43

How did Motown survive the British Invasion?

Back 43

Berry understood that he had to work with the invasion, not against it, so many of his artists did British cover songs.

Front 44

How did Epstein market the Beatles?

Back 44

Middle-lcass family entertainment; they were on Ed Sullivan and were witty, clean and only wanted to "Hold Your Hand."

Front 45

In contrast to the Beatles, how were the Rolling Stones marketed?

Back 45

Producer Oldham cultivated them as having disdainful music, scowling,"bad boy" image, played once on Ed Sullivan never to return.

Front 46

Were the images of the Beatles and the Rolling Stones authentic?

Back 46

No, the Beatles were formally working-class and leather-clad while the Stones were highly educated.

Front 47

Bob Dylan's fascination with the Beatles led him to ponder what?

Back 47

Moving toward rock and recording with other artists.

Front 48

In what year is Bob Dylan credited with moving folk toward rock, creating "folk rock"?

Back 48

1965 (the same year he allegedly introduced the Beatles to marijuana).

Front 49

Who did Bob Dylan credit as yielding folk rock?

Back 49

The Animals.

Front 50

What is folk rock?

Back 50

Folk rock is folk consciousness mixed with rock aesthetic.

Front 51

What Los Angeles group is also credited with progressing folk rock and are often referred to as "Dylanized Beatles"?

Back 51

The Byrds kicked off the commercialization of folk rock. Main song: Mr. Tambourine Man.

Front 52

Sang "Sounds of Silence" and one member had a lengthy career.

Back 52

Simon & Garfunkel (disbanded in 1972).

Front 53

How did folk rock transform nearing the Vietnam War?

Back 53

Turned lighter, more of a sunny disposition.

Front 54

Pivotal year for the Civil Rights Movement, the term "black power" is coined.

Back 54

1965.

Front 55

A new black record company competes with Motown, focusing less on the clean techniques of Motown, and more on a "play what you feel" mentality.

Back 55

Stax Records.

Front 56

Atlantic picked up 2 huge stars in 1967. Who were they?

Back 56

Wilson Pickett ("634-5789") and Arethra Franklin.

Front 57

Known for combining southern soul with explicit social consciousness.

Back 57

Arethra Franklin (Atlantic, 1967)

Front 58

Who's career paralleled black politics and was coined as "the hardest working man in show business"?

Back 58

James Brown. Song: "Say it loud I'm black and proud." He also played every instrument as if it were a drum.

Front 59

What 2 things are attributed with the birth of the counter-culture?

Back 59

Black power movement and white youths experimenting with alternatives to middle-class life.

Front 60

This is based on a rejection of competitive, acheivement-oriented culture in favor of free-living and free-loving.

Back 60

The counter-culture.

Front 61

Where does the word "hippies" come from?

Back 61

From the black word "hipster", meaning urban outsider. Hippies were known to explore the gentler side of resistance.

Front 62

Name some elements of the counter-culture.

Back 62

Mind-expanding drugs, eastern religions & music, mass availability of the Pill, Vitenam war.

Front 63

Why were drugs such an integral part of the counter-culture?

Back 63

They were seen to increase self-awareness and consciousness, thereby decreasing the effects of war and regimentation.

Front 64

Which city was the mecca for counter-culture and psychadelic rock?

Back 64

San Francisco. Groups: Jefferson Airplane, Grateful Dead.

Front 65

This group embodied the San Francisco scene the most, therefore representing the counter-culture to the entire nation.

Back 65

The Grateful Dead.

Front 66

Which group is famous for their open LSD use, "Trips Festival", and a sense of community.

Back 66

The Grateful Dead; they also performed more free concerts than any band in history.

Front 67

A communal philosophy was reflected in which aspect of many counter-culture artists?

Back 67

Communal philosophy often reflected in band names.

Front 68

What is psychadelic or "acid" rock?

Back 68

Blues-based rock with psychadelic trappings.

Front 69

What is a "super-group"?

Back 69

Group compsed of top musicians from previously existing groups (ex: Cream, with Eric Clapton)

Front 70

This group merged blues to the commercial appeal of the new rock aesthetic and was comprised of 3 soloists.

Back 70

Cream.

Front 71

One of the few female, white blues singers known for her intense performances.

Back 71

Janis Joplin.

Front 72

The year of the Festival of Love, whose theme was "wear flowers in your hair."

Back 72

1967.

Front 73

The first attempt to commercialize the counter-culture, preceded the Summer of Love in 1967.

Back 73

Monterey Pop Festival.

Front 74

How many attended the Monterey Festival? Which acts debuted here?

Back 74

30,000 attended, Jimi Hendrix and The Who launched their careers.

Front 75

Throughout the weekend at Monterey, a range of countercultural acts were on display, including _______________.

Back 75

The Who smashed their equipment, Jimi Hendrix made love to his guitar while it was on fire.

Front 76

Which Seattle-born artist first gained ground in Britain and opened for the clean-cut Monkees in USA?

Back 76

Jimi Hendrix.

Front 77

What year did Jimi Hendrix die? Did he have a mass audience in the USA?

Back 77

Died 1970; did not have a huge fan base, but was an amazing writer.

Front 78

What was the first concept album ever created?

Back 78

The Beatles' Sgt Pepper was 8 tracks strung seamlessly together and took 8 months to record.

Front 79

Which Beatles' record was the most politically engaged yet couldn't be performed live due to highly sophisticated techniques?

Back 79

Sgt Pepper.

Front 80

Who became known as the 5th Beatle?

Back 80

Producer George Martin; also introduced the Beatles to the Sitar.

Front 81

Contrast the Beatles with The Doors.

Back 81

Beatles represented the optimistic, upbeat side of counterculture, VS The Doors who were the darker side, heavy drug users, very hostile.

Front 82

Who surprisingly fast became the No.1 teenybopper band in 1967 and had the motto, "Let it all hang out"?

Back 82

The Doors (lead singer Jim Morrison very lewd). Appeared on Ed Sullivan once, but defied his censors.

Front 83

When and how did Jim Morrison die?

Back 83

Died of a drug-induced heart attack in Paris in 1971.

Front 84

When was Martin Leuther King assassinated? Which artist was sought to help calm the masses?

Back 84

Assination on 4 April 1968; James Brown was sought to bring calm to many rioting US cities.

Front 85

True or False: the counterculture also brought with it a sexual revolution.

Back 85

True; new sexual freedom introduced (sex without love), sexual revolution embraced teeny boppers.

Front 86

Often the role of women in 60s music was limited to _______ and _______, however one woman stood out to demand respect.

Back 86

Groupies and go-go girls; only Arethra Franklin demanded respect.

Front 87

What was Chicago 68?

Back 87

Radical activists protested the Democratic National Convention in Chicago resulting in a huge riot (president candidacy meeting).

Front 88

When and where did the Woostock Music & Art Fair take place?

Back 88

1969 in Bethel, NY on a 600-acre farm. Everything that could go wrong, did go wrong.

Front 89

What were some of the serious problems at Woodstock?

Back 89

8x the capacity, roads blocked, poor access to food, water and medical, no sanitary facilities, and then it rained! Remarkably no violence, 3 accidental deaths and 3 births.

Front 90

Despite all of its problems, why was Woodstock seen as counterculture's finest hour?

Back 90

Spirit of cooperation, peace and love despite all of the problems.

Front 91

Which Woodstock group defied race and gender barriers and married funk and rock culture?

Back 91

Sly and the Family Stone.

Front 92

Which artists debuted at Woodstock? Who played the Star Spangled Banner?

Back 92

Santana and Crosby, Stills & Nash debuted, Hendrix played the anthem.

Front 93

Which Woodstock rockers also ironically headlined Altamont, which was the death of counter-culture?

Back 93

Crosby, Stills & Nash.

Front 94

What was Altamont?

Back 94

Free concert planned by the Stones to kick off their 1969 US tour; held at the Altamont Speedway near San Francisco.

Front 95

Why was the outcome of Altamont much worse than Woodstock?

Back 95

Smaller venue, Hells Angels security (paid in beer, very violent), black student murdered (Meredith Hunter), bad drugs distributed.