Chapter 6 - Microbes & Growth

Front 1

Three things organisms need

Back 1

1. Macroelements
2. Microelements
3. Growth factors

Front 2

Macroelements

Back 2

Elements required in large quantities

CHNOPS

Front 3

Microelements

Back 3

Elements required in smaller quantities

K, Ca, Cl, Na

Front 4

Trace elements

Back 4

Elements required in very small amounts but can't require large quantities

Front 5

Growth factors

Back 5

Elements a cell has to have but can't make itself

Front 6

Carbon

Back 6

1. One of the most important growth requirements
2. 1/2 the dry weight of a bacteria cell

Front 7

Hydrocarbons

Back 7

Carbon skeleton base of organic compounds

Front 8

Energy Source

Back 8

1. Phototroph - sun energy
2. Chemotroph - oxidation of electrons

Front 9

Carbon Source

Back 9

1. Autotroph - incorporate directly (CO2)
2. Heterotroph - organic sources (glucose)

Front 10

Electron Source

Back 10

1. Lithotroph - inorganic chemical sources
2. Organotroph - organic chemicals sources

Front 11

Photolithoautotroph

Back 11

1. Carbon - CO2
2. Energy - Light
3. Electron - Inorganic e- donor

Front 12

Chemoorganoheterotroph

Back 12

1. Carbon - Organic carbon
2. Energy - Organic
3. Electron - Organic e- donor

Front 13

Chemolithoautotroph

Back 13

1. Carbon - CO2
2. Energy - Inorganic
3. Electron - Inorganic e- donor

Front 14

Photoorganoheterotroph

Back 14

1. Carbon - Organic carbon
2. Energy - Light
3. Electron - Organic e- donor

Front 15

Chemolithoheterotroph

Back 15

1. Carbon - Organic carbon
2. Energy - Inorganic
3. Electron - inorganic e- donor

Front 16

Superoxide dismutase

Back 16

1. SOD
2. Neutralizes superoxide radical (O2-)

Front 17

Catalase

Back 17

1. Detoxifies peroxide
2. Causes bubbles as it forms

H2O2 = H2O + O2

Front 18

Peroxidase

Back 18

1. Detoxifies peroxide

H2O2 + 2H+ = 2H2O

Front 19

Obligate (Strict) Aerobes

Back 19

1. Only aerobic metabolism
2. Have SOD, catalase or peroxidase

Front 20

Obligate (Strict) Anaerobes

Back 20

1. Only anaerobic metabolism
2. Destroyed by oxygen
3. Don't have SOD, catalase, or peroxidase

Front 21

Facultative Anaerobes

Back 21

1. Aerobic or anaerobic metablism
2. Have SOD, catalase or peroxidase
3. Grow faster in O2

Front 22

Aerotolerant Anaerobes

Back 22

1. Only anaerobic metabolism
2. Have SOD
3. Grow faster in absence of O2

Front 23

Microaerophiles

Back 23

1. Only aerobic metabolism
2. Small amounts of SOD and catalase
3. Grow only in low levels of O2

Front 24

Nitrogen

Back 24

Element needed for amino acids, nucleic acids, and ATP

Front 25

Nitrogen reduction

Back 25

Reducing nitrate to ammonia then utilizing the ammonia.

Front 26

Nitrogen fixation

Back 26

Assimilating gaseous nitrogen (N2)

Front 27

Sulfur

Back 27

Element needed for building some amino acids, vitamins, and some carbohydrates.

Front 28

Phosphorus

Back 28

Element needed for building nucleic acids, phosopholipids, and ATP.

Front 29

Phosphorus

Back 29

Element that tends to be a limiting growth requirement.

Front 30

Microelements

Back 30

Elements needed as signal molecules, membrane potential, and enzyme cofactors.

Front 31

Iron
Copper
Zinc

Back 31

Trace elements needed in very small amounts

Front 32

Vitamins
Amino acids
Nucleic acid base

Back 32

Can't be synthesized by microorganisms (Growth Factors)

Front 33

Fastidious

Back 33

Large number of growth factor requirements.