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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Viruses have what 3 things |
Protein capsid Genetic material Some have an outer layer |
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Why do viruses require a host |
For metabolism and replication |
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What are subunits of the capsid called ? |
Capsomers |
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What are the different types of capsids? |
Helical and isosahedral |
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What are the spikes on the surface of the viruse or envelope critical for attachment |
Isosahedral |
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What is the term used to refer to a virus that infects bacteria. |
Bacteriaphage |
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What is a temperate phage? |
Special DNA viruses that undergo absorbtion and penantration but are not replicated or released immediately |
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Lysogenic conversion |
When a bacterium aquires a new trait from its temperate phage. |
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Prions |
Proteins |
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Viroids |
Small viruses composed of single stranded RNA |
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Virion |
Infective form of a virus outside a host cell |
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Nucleocapsid |
Capsid and the nucleic acid together |
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Substances in the virus particles |
Enzymes Polymerase for DNA synthesis Replicated to copy RNA |
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Viruses do not have these that bacteria do |
Cells |
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Protein shell that surrounds a viral genome |
Capsid |
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Lipid membrane that surrounds some viruses are called |
The envelope |
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Absorption of viruses |
Adsorbs specifically to receptor sites on the cell membrane |
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DNA virus |
. Enter the hosts nucleus where they are replicated and assembled.The RNA becomes a message for synthesizing viral proteins.New DNA is synthesized using host nucleotides. The RNA becomes a message for synthesizing viral proteins. New DNA is synthesized using host nucleotides. |
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RNA viruses |
Occurs in the cytoplasm Replicated and assembled in the cytoplasm |
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Non-envelope virus release |
They release by lysis or rupture |
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Enveloped virus release |
They are related by budding or exocytosis |
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Rubella |
No obvious change to the host cell |
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Cttopatheic effects |
Virus induced damage to the cell that alters it's microscopic appearance |
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Inclusion bodies |
Compacted masses of viruses or damaged cell organelles |
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Syncytia |
Fusion of cells |
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Chronic latent infections |
Viruses that remain appearance periodically |
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Oncoviruses |
Mammalian viruses capable of creating tumors |
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Lytic cycle |
Results in the lysis of the cell |
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Lysogeny |
Infected DNA is passed from daughter cell to daughter cell |
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Cancer causing alterations to cellular DNA affects the parts of the genome |
Oncogenes |
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Scrapies is an example of |
A prion |
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Why are viruses considered living |
They lack properties associated with living things. They can't replicate without a host |
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Steps in viral replication |
Attachment Penetration Uncoating Targeting Transcription and translation Genome replication Virion assembly Release |
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Bacteriophage replication |
Attached to cell wall Virus is injected into host Replication occurs in cytoplasm Chronic infection Related by lysis |
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Animal virus replication |
Attachment at the membrane Capsid enters by fusion Enzymes remove capsid proteins Replication Infection Released out by budding |
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Difference between the lytic and lysogenic cycle. |
Lytic cycle lyses the host cell Virus replicates and produces progeny phages in lytic There are no symptoms of a viral infection in the lysogenic cycle Temperate viral replication take place in lysogenic |
