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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anatomy
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scientific study of shape & structure of human body
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Physiology
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scientific study of how human body functions
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Functions affect Structure
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structure affects function
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Basic Anatomic Reference systems
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*plane & body direction
*structural units *body cavities |
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Describing human body, presumed to be in
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anatomical position
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Anatomical Position def
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body standing erect, facing forward, arms @ sides palms forward
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Planes
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imaginary lines used to divide body into sections
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Midsagittal Plane aka
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Medial Plane/Midline Plane
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Midsagittal Plane def
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vertical plane divides body into EQUAL left/right halves
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Sagittal Plane
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any vertical plane parallel to midline divides top/bottom into unequal left/right
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Horizontal Plane aka Transverse
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superior (upper)
inferior (lower) |
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Frontal Plane aka Coronal
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front/back
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Superior
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above another part
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Inferior
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below another part
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Proximal
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closer to trunk of body
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Distal
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further from trunk of body
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Lateral
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side away tom midline
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Mesial
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toward/nearer the midline
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Dorsal
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back
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Ventral
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front
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Anterior
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toward front
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Posterior
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toward back
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Organization levels of body
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cells >> tissues >> organs >> body systems
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Cells 75 trillion
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basic structure of body
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Cells unique capacity
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react to stimuli transferring neutrons to energy...grow reproduce
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Differential
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specialized functions of cells
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Stem cells
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immature unspecialized cells
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2 primary sources identifying stem cells
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embryonic & adult stem cells
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Embryonic Stem Cells
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embryos developed from eggs, fertilized in test tube
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Adult Stem Cells
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in tissues of adults and children
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Cell Membrane purposes
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*helps cell maintain form
*decides what may enter and leave |
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cytoplasm
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gelike fluid inside cell (like egg white)
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organelles
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specialized part of cel performs specific function
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manufactures, modifies, stores & transports protiens & dispose of cellular waste
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organelles
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Nucleus
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control centre of cell (yolk)
directs metabolic activities of cell |
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Contains DNA & RNA
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Nucleus
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4 main tissue types
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*Epithelial
*connective *muscle *nerve |
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Epithelial tissue
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covers external & internal body surface (skin, oral cavity lining)
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Connective Tissue
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supports body & connective organs & tissues
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Muscle Tissue
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lengthens & shortens, therefore moves body parts
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Skeletal muscles
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voluntary ( arms/legs)
or involuntary (heart) |
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Nerve Tissue
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found in brain spinal cord & nerves
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Organs
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form when severals tissues group together performing single function
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Body Systems
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organs workin together, perform major functions i.e. digestive system >> ingestion > digestion>absorption
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3 types muscle
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*striated
*smooth *cardiac |
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Striated muscle tissue
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*skeletal&voluntary--attached to bone, tendons
*striped |
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Smooth Muscle tissue
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*viseral non striated
*involuntary movement ie digestion |
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Cardiac muscle tissue
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*walls of heart
*striated but involuntary |
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Body Cavities
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Dorsal & Ventral (larger)
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Parietal
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walls of cavity
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Dorsal Cavity
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Cranial (brain) & Spinal (spinal cord) Cavity
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Ventral Cavity
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Thoracic & Abdominopelvic
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Thoracic
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heart lungs esophagus trachea
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Abdominal
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stomach liver gallbladder spleen most intestines
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2Major Body Regions
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Axial & Appendicular
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Axial
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head neck trunk
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Appendicular
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arms & legs
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NIDCR
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National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
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