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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Redox Reaction
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Energy processing by cells involve the transfer of energy through the flow of electrons.
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Oxidation
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a chemical process in which a substance loses electrons.
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Reduction
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a chemical process in which a substance gains electrons.
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Redox Reaction
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an oxidation reaction followed by a reduction reaction.
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Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis
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a sequence of redox reactions occur during this.
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FORMULA U NEED TO KNW!!
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C6H12O6+6O2-->6CO2+6H2O+energy
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Electrons are difficult to remove from...
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covalent compounds
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In living cells oxidation usually involves..
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the removal of hydrogen atom and its single electron from a compound.
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Reduction usually involves...
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a gaining of hydrogen atom and thus a gain of an electron
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When hydrogen atoms are removed from an organic compound they take with them..
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some of the energy that had been stored in thie chemical bond.
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Most eukaryotes and prokaryotes carry out
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aerobic respiration (cellular respiration requiring oxygen)
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In aerobic respiration
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an organic fuel molecule is oxidized, carbon dioxide and water are formed and energy is released.
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If the organic food molecule is glucose then the equation is..
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C6H12O6+6O2-->6CO2+6H2O
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4 stages of Aerobic Respiration
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Glycolysis
Formation of Acetyl coenzyme A Citric Acid Cycle Electron Transport |
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Glycolysis "sugar splitting"
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Occurs in the cytoplasm
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GLYCOLYSIS
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And a series of chemical reactions occur.Each reactions is regulated by a different kind of enzyme
2 ATP molecules are utilized to initiate this process.As a result, glucose is split into 2 molecules of pyru vate Oxygen is not required. There are 10 different reactions that occur in this phase. |
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Formation of Acetyl Coenzyme A
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- The 2 pyru vate molecules move into the mitochondria where all the remaining reactions of cellular respiration occur.
Each pyruvate molecu;e os combined with a molecule of coenzyme A and Acetyl Coenzyme A is formed. One enzyme catalyzes this reaction. |
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Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)
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Acetyl coenzymes A enters the citric acid cycle by combining with oxaloacetic acid to form citrate.
During this process, 8 reaction occur.Each reaction is catalyzed by a different enzymes. |
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Electron Transport
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-Hydrogen atoms removed in each if the steps above are transferred to the electron transport system.
-Electron acceptors are arranged chains on the inner membrane (cristae) of the mitochondria. -As hydrogen are transferred along this chain, hydrogen protons are separated from their electron & ENERGY IS SLOWLY RELEASED. |
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III. Energy Yield of Nutrients Other Than Glucose
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Many organisms,including humans, depends on nutrients other than glucose as a source of energy.You usually obtain more of your energy by oxidizing fatty acids than by oxidizing glucose. Amino acids derived from proteins are also used as fuel (deamination is the name for this process).
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Random Facts
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- Each gram of lipid in a diet contains 9kcal (38kJ) of energy. This is one more than twice that 1 gram of glucose or amino acid!
Lipids are rich in energy b/c they are highly reduced. They have a lot of H and few O.Both glycerol & fatty acids are also used as fuel. |
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Anaerobic Respiration
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When sufficient molecular oxygen (O2) is not available, anaerobic respiration occurs
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