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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Stress
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The force per unit area caused by plate interaction.
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Strain
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The deformation caused by stress.
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Compressive Stress
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Causes shortening strain and results in reverse faults.
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Tensile Stress
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Causes stretching strain and results in normal faults.
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Shear Stress
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Causes shear strain and results in strike-slip faults.
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Geologic features required for economic deposits of oil and natural gas
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Anticlines with a layers of impermeable rocks on top of reservoir rocks.
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Reservoir Rock
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Both porous and permeable, and is located beneath the impermeable rock in an anticline.
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Source Rock
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A sedimentary rock that contains / includes the remains of organisms buried during sedimentation, which decompose into petroleum and natural gas.
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Type of deformation for Elastic Strain
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Change is not permanent
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Type of deformation for Plastic Strain
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Folding
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Types of deformation for Brittle Strain
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Faults or joints
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Three types of strain
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1) Elastic
2) Plastic 3) Brittle |
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Axial Plane
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The vertical center plane for an anticline or a syncline
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Limb
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The strata that extend from both sides of the axial plane
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Dip-Slip faults
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- Movement in the vertical direction
- Normal and reverse faults |
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Graben
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Subsided block of earth with normal faults on either side
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Horst
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Uplifted block of earth with normal faults on either side
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Strike-slip fault (two types)
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1) Right lateral
2) Left lateral |
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Strike-slip fault movement
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Strike direction (left or right lateral - horizontal displacement)
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Sag pond
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Body of water that forms on a fault
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Requirements for economic deposit of oil and gas
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- Source rock: Carbon-rich shale “kerogen”
- Heat: Thermal maturation (100 C) - Reservoir rock: Porous and permeable - Trap |
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List four traps for economic deposits of oil and gas
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- Anticline
- Fault - Stratigraphic - pinch-outs, unconformities - salt domes |
