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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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segments of DNA that code for proteins
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Genes
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different types of genetic material that code for a specific protein or gene
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alleles
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the separation of a pair of alleles
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segregation
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arises from the random alignment of chromosomes during meiosis
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independent assortment
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gametes combining without regard to the allels they carry
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random fertilization
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identical twins
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monozygotic
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developed from a single egg and sperm
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monozygotic
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non identical twins
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dizygotic
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occurs when 2 separate eggs fuse with different sperm
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dizygotic
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created easily identifiable patterns of inheritance in genetic traits
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Gregor Mendel
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a description of alleles for a partiular gene
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genotype
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physical traits
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phenotype
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2 different alleles for a gene
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heterozygous
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2 alleles that are the same
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homozygous
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occurs when the phenotype of the heterozygous genotype is an intermediate of the phenotypes of the homozygous genotypes.
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Incomplete dominance
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a table that lists the different kinds of sperm or eggs parents can produce
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punnett square
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a study of inheritance patterns for organisms differing in two traits
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dihybrid cross
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the inheritance of a phenotype characteristic
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quantitative traits
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traits influenced by many genes. EX: hair color
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polygenic trait
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the proportion of phenotypic varitation in a population that is due to genetic variation between individuals
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heritability
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tells the cell which amino acids to join together to produce a protein
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RNA
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involves producing the copy of the required gene
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transcription
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involves an RNA polymerase enzyme to bind to the promoter and makes a mRNA complementary to the DNA gene
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Transcription
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involves decoding the copies RNA sequence
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translation
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