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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The standard system of measurement for scientists and is used by almost all scientific journals
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Metric system
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In an effort to standardize terms for the measurement of energy, force, work and power, scientists have developed a common system of terminology called...
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SI unit
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Work is defined by what equation?
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Work = force x distance
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Name the units for the following:
a. Mass b. Distance c. Time d. Force e. Work f. Energy g. Power h. Velocity i. Torque |
a. grams
b. meter c. second d. Newton e. joule f. joule g. watt h. meters per second (m/s) i. newton-meter |
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Label the following common metric prefixes:
a. mega b. kilo c. centi d. milli e. micro f. nano g. pico |
a. 10^6
b. 10^3 c. 10^-2 d. 10^-3 e. 10^-6 f. 10^-9 g. 10^-12 |
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1 kgm = ____ joules
1 kg = _____ N 1 kcal = _____ joules 1 J = _____ kcal 1 J = _____ Newton * meter 1 J = _____ kgm |
9.81
9.79 4,186 2.38 x 10^(-4) 1 0.101 |
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Refers to the measurement of work output.
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Ergometry
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Refers to the apparatus or device used to measure a specific type of work.
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Ergometer
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Name 4 different types of ergometers:
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Bench step
Cycle Arm Treadmill |
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What does a person do on a bench step ergometer?
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Subject steps up and down at specified rate
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What type of ergometer permits accurate measurements of the amount of work performed?
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Cycle ergometer
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Define power through an equation
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Power= Work/Time
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True/False Calculation of the work performed while a subject runs or walks on a treadmill is not generally possible when the treadmill is horizontal.
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True
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The incline of the treadmill is expressed as and is describe as the amount of vertical rise per 100 units of belt travel.
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Percent grade
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What equation does one use to determine vertical displacement?
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VD= % grade x distance
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What two types of techniques are are employed in the measurement of human energy expenditure?
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Direct and indirect calorimetry
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A ______ is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celcius.
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Calorie
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This is commonly used to express energy expenditure and the energy value of foods.
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Kilocalorie
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The process of measuring an animal's metabolic rate via the measurement of heat production is called
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direct calorimetry
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True/False In a calorimeter, there is NO allowance made for the free exchange of CO2 and O2.
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False
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This does not involve the direct measurement of heat production and is a measurement of oxygen consumption as an estimate of resting metabolic rate
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Indirect calorimetry
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Foodstuffs + Oxygen (Indirect Calorimetry) -----> Heat + CO2 +H2O (Direct Calorimetry)
Since a direct relationship exists between oxygen consumed and the amoun of heat produced in the body, measuring O2 consumption provides an estimate of ________ rate. |
metabolic
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In order to convert oxygen to heat produced, we need to know what type of nutrient was metabolized.
How many kcal of energy is released when fat is being metabolized? Carbohydrate? |
4.7 kcal
5.05 kcal |
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The most common technique used to measure oxygen consumption today is termed.
VO2 = |
open-circuit spirometry
[volume of oxygen inspired] - [volume of oxygen expired] |
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The energy cost of horizontal treadmill walking or running when measuring oxygen requirements increases as a _______ function of speed.
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linear
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The need to express the energy cost of exercise in simple terms has led to the development of the term MET. One MET is equal to the resting VO2 (___ ml/kg*min)
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3.5
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____ ____________ is defined as the mathematical ratio of work output divided by the expended energy above rest.
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Net Efficiency
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The efficiency of exercise is influenced by several factors, name three.
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1. The exercise work rate
2. The speed of movement 3. The fiber composition of the muscles performing the exercise |
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Efficiency (decreases/increases) as the work rate increases.
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decreases
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True/False At higher power outputs, a greater speed of movement is required to obtain optimum efficiency.
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True
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Research suggests that subjects with a high percentage of ____ muscle fibers display a higher exercise efficiency compared to subjects with a high percentage of ____ muscle fiber. These fibers require less ATP per unit of work.
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slow, fast
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Although it is not easy to compute efficiency during horizontal running, the measurement of the oxygen cost of running at any given speed offers a measure of running ________.
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economy
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At fast "race pace" speeds, male runners may be (more/less) economical than females.
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more
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