Chapter 6 Computer Glossary Last Exam

Front 1

antivirus software

Back 1

Software used to detect and eliminate computer viruses and other types of malware. **************************************************************************************

Front 2

bot (zombie computer)

Back 2

A computer that is controlled by a hacker or other computer criminal. ***********************************************************************************

Front 3

Botnet

Back 3

A group of bots that are controlled by one individual. *************************************************************************************

Front 4

code of conduct

Back 4

Guidelines for behavior that explain acceptable computer use. ********************************************************************************

Front 5

computer crime (cybercrime)

Back 5

Any illegal act involving a computer. ***********************************************************************************************************

Front 6

computer sabotage

Back 6

An act of malicious destruction to a computer or computer resource. *************************************************************************************************

Front 7

computer-monitoring software

Back 7

Software that can be used to record an individual’s computer usage, such as recording the actual keystrokes used or creating a summary of Web sites and programs accessed.

Front 8

Cyberbullying

Back 8

Children or teenagers bullying other children or teenagers via the Internet. ********************************************************************************

Front 9

Cyberstalking

Back 9

Repeated threats or harassing behavior between adults carried out via email or another Internet communications method. *****************************************

Front 10

Cyberterrorism

Back 10

An attack launched by terrorists via the Internet. *************************************************************************

Front 11

data theft (information theft)

Back 11

The theft of data or information located on or being sent from a computer. ***************************************************************************************************

Front 12

denial of service (DoS) attack

Back 12

An act of sabotage that attempts to flood a network server or a Web server with so much activity that it is unable to function.

Front 13

digital certificate

Back 13

Electronic data used to verify the identity of a person or an organization; includes a key pair that can be used for encryption and digital signatures.

Front 14

digital signature

Back 14

A unique digital code that can be attached to a file or an email message to verify the identity of the sender and guarantee the file or message has not been changed since it was signed.

Front 15

disaster recovery plan (business continuity plan)

Back 15

A written plan that describes the steps a company will take following the occurrence of a disaster. ************************************************************************************

Front 16

distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack

Back 16

A DoS attack carried out by multiple computers. **************************************************************************************************************

Front 17

dot con

Back 17

A fraud or scam carried out through the Internet. *************************************************************************************

Front 18

electronic profiling

Back 18

Using electronic means to collect a variety of in-depth information about an individual, such as name, address, income, and buying habits.

Front 19

email filter

Back 19

A tool that automatically sorts incoming email messages based on specific criteria. *********************************************************************************************************

Front 20

employee monitoring

Back 20

Observing or reviewing employees’ actions while they are on the job. ********************************************************************************************************************

Front 21

Encryption

Back 21

A method of scrambling the contents of an email message or a file to make it unreadable if an unauthorized user intercepts it. ********************************************************************************************************

Front 22

Firewall

Back 22

A collection of hardware and/or software that protects a computer or computer network from unauthorized access. **********************************************************************************

Front 23

full disk encryption (FDE)

Back 23

A technology that encrypts everything stored on a storage medium without any user interaction. ***********************************************************************************

Front 24

government database

Back 24

A collection of data about people that is collected and maintained by the government. *************************************************************************************

Front 25

Hack

Back 25

To break into a computer or network. *****************************************************************************************************************************

Front 26

hot site

Back 26

An alternate location equipped with the computers and other equipment necessary to keep a business’s operations going.

Front 27

identity theft

Back 27

Using someone else’s identity to purchase goods or services, obtain new credit cards or bank loans, or otherwise illegally masquerade as that individual.

Front 28

information privacy

Back 28

The rights of individuals and companies to control how information about them is collected and used. **************************************************

Front 29

keylogger

Back 29

A malware program that records every keystroke on a computer and then sends the sensitive information it recorded to criminals.

Front 30

Malware

Back 30

Any type of malicious software. *****************************************************************************************************************

Front 31

marketing database

Back 31

A collection of data about people that is stored in a large database and used for marketing purposes. ***********************************************************************************

Front 32

online auction fraud (Internet auction fraud)

Back 32

When an item purchased through an online auction is never delivered or delivered but not as represented by the seller.

Front 33

opt in

Back 33

To request that you be included in marketing activities or that your information be shared with other companies. **********************************************************************************

Front 34

opt out

Back 34

To request that you be removed from marketing activities or that your information not be shared with other companies. **********************************************************************************

Front 35

Password

Back 35

A secret word or character combination associated with an individual. ***************************************************************************************************

Front 36

Pharming

Back 36

The use of spoofed domain names to obtain personal information to use in fraudulent activities. *********************************************************************************************************

Front 37

Phish

Back 37

To use of spoofed email messages to gain credit card numbers and other personal data to be used for fraudulent purposes.

Front 38

presence technology

Back 38

Technology that enables one computing device to locate and identify the current status of another device on the same network.

Front 39

Privacy

Back 39

The state of being concealed or free from unauthorized intrusion. **************************************************************************************************************

Front 40

privacy policy

Back 40

A policy, commonly posted on a company’s Web site, that explains how personal information provided to that company will be used.

Front 41

private key encryption

Back 41

A type of encryption that uses a single key to encrypt and decrypt a file or message. **************************************************************************************************************

Front 42

public key encryption

Back 42

A type of encryption that uses key pairs to encrypt and decrypt a file or message. ***************************************************************************************************************

Front 43

ruggedized device

Back 43

A device that is designed to withstand much more physical abuse than a conventional device. ******************************************************************************************

Front 44

security software

Back 44

Software, typically a suite of programs, used to protect a computer against a variety of threats. *************************************************************************************

Front 45

self-encrypting hard drive

Back 45

A hard drive that uses full disk encryption (FDE). ***************************************************************************************************************

Front 46

Spam

Back 46

Unsolicited, bulk email sent over the Internet. ***********************************************************************************************************************

Front 47

spam filter (junk email filter)

Back 47

An email filter used to redirect spam from a user’s Inbox. **********************************************************************************************************************

Front 48

spear phishing

Back 48

A personalized phishing scheme targeted at an individual. **************************************************************************************************************

Front 49

Spoof

Back 49

To set up a Web site that looks like a legitimate site but that collects private information from an unsuspecting user. *****************************************************************************************************

Front 50

Spyware

Back 50

A program designed to find private information on a computer and then send that information to the creator of the malware program.

Front 51

surge suppressor

Back 51

A device that protects a computer system from damage due to electrical fluctuations. ******************************************************************************************************************

Front 52

system failure

Back 52

The complete malfunction of a computer system. **************************************************************************************************************

Front 53

throw-away email address

Back 53

An email address used only for nonessential purposes and activities that may result in spam; the address can be disposed of and replaced if spam becomes a problem.

Front 54

Trojan horse

Back 54

A malicious program that masquerades as something else. ********************************************************************************************************************

Front 55

unauthorized access

Back 55

Access gained to a computer, network, file, or other resource without permission. ******************************************************************************************************************

Front 56

unauthorized use

Back 56

Use of a computer resource for unauthorized activities. ********************************************************************************************************************

Front 57

uninterruptible power supply (UPS)

Back 57

A device containing a built-in battery that provides continuous power to a computer and other connected components when the electricity goes out.

Front 58

video surveillance

Back 58

The use of video cameras to monitor activities of individuals for work-related or crime-prevention purposes. ******************************************************************************************************************

Front 59

virtual private network (VPN)

Back 59

A private, secure path over the Internet that provides authorized users a secure means of accessing a private network via the Internet.

Front 60

Virus

Back 60

A software program installed without the user’s knowledge that is designed to alter the way a computer operates or to cause harm to the computer system.

Front 61

war driving

Back 61

Driving around an area with a Wi-Fi-enabled computer or mobile device to find a Wi-Fi network to access and use without authorization. ***************************************************************************

Front 62

Wi-Fi piggybacking

Back 62

Accessing an unsecured Wi-Fi network without authorization. **************************************************************************************************************************

Front 63

Wipe

Back 63

To overwrite a disk several times so that the data on it cannot be recovered. ************************************************************************************************

Front 64

Worm

Back 64

A malicious program designed to spread rapidly to a large number of computers by sending copies of itself to other computers.