Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Affirmative Action |
Designing remedies for overcoming racism and sexism by taking race and sex into account |
|
|
Aliens |
Any persons who are not U.S. citizens |
|
|
Bakke |
A Supreme Court ruling stating that a college may not use an explicit numerical quota in admitting minorities but could "take race into account:" |
|
|
Brown v. Board of Education |
A Supreme Court decision declaring segregated schools inherently unequal |
|
|
civil rights |
The rights of citizens to vote, receive equal treatment before the law, and share benefits of public facilities |
|
|
compensatory action |
Helping disadvantaged people catch up, usually by giving them extra education, training, or services |
|
|
de facto segregation |
Segregation that exists but that was not created by law |
|
|
de jure segregation |
Segregation created by law |
|
|
equality of opportunity |
Offering the races an equal chance at desired things |
|
|
equality of results |
Distributing desired things equally to the races |
|
|
freedom of choice |
A school integration plan mandating no particular racial balance |
|
|
Hyde Amendment |
Legislation that barred the use of federal funds for nearly any abortion |
|
|
Jim Crow |
The term for laws forcing second-class status on blacks |
|
|
Martin Luther King Jr. |
An early nonviolent leader in black civil rights |
|
|
NAACP |
A black interest group active primarily in the courts |
|
|
nonviolent civil disobedience |
A philosophy of peaceful violation of laws considered unjust and accepting punishment for the violation |
|
|
NOW |
A leading feminist organization |
|
|
Plessy v. Ferguson |
A Supreme Court decision upholding state-enforced racial segregation |
|
|
preferential treatment |
Giving minorities preference in hiring, promotions, college admissions, and contracts |
|
|
reasonableness |
The standard by which the Court judges gender-based classifications |
|
|
Reconstruction |
Post-Civil War era when southern laws protected blacks' freedoms |
|
|
reverse discrimination |
The use of race or sex to give preferential treatment to blacks or women |
|
|
Roe v. Wade |
A ruling that declared all state laws prohibiting abortion unconstitutional |
|
|
Rostker v. Goldberg |
a ruling that held that Congress may draft men but not women |
|
|
separate-but-equal doctrine |
The standard under which the Court once upheld racial segregation |
|
|
strict scrutiny |
The standard by which the Supreme Court judges classifications based on race: they must have a compelling public purpose |
|
|
suspect classification |
A legal distinction that the Supreme Court scrutinizes especially closely |
|
|
Southern Manifesto |
signed in 1956, by more than 100 southern members of Congress, that condemned the Brown decision as an abuse of judicial power and pledged to use all lawful means to bring about a reversal of the decision |
