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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Civil rights
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Rights of people to be treated w/out unreasonable or unconstitutional differences.
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Suspect classifications
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Classifications of people on the basis of their race or ethnicity.
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Strict scrutiny
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A supreme court test to see if a law denies equal protection because it does not serve a compelling state interest and is not narrowly tailored to achieve its goal.
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seperate but equal doctrine
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Doctrine established in Plessy V Fergusson (1896) that African Americans be kept in separate but equal facilities.
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De jure segregation
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Racial segregation that is required by law.
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De Facto segregation
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Racial segregation that occurs as a result of patterns of residential settlement.
segregation by culture |
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Civil disobedience
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opposing a law one considers unjust by peacefully disobeying in and accepting the resultant punishemnt.
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police powers
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state powers to effect laws promoting health, safety and mortals.
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Equality of result
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making certain that people achieve the same result.
enforces equality |
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affirmative action
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Government-mandated programs that seek to create special employment opportunities for blacks, women, and other victims of past discrimination.
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Reserve discrimination
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Using race or sex to give preferential treatment to some people.
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Equality of opportunity
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Giving people an equal chance to succeed.
absence of discrimination |
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Jim Crow laws
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State and local laws passed in the post-Reconstruction Era South to enforce racial segregation and otherwise restrict the rights of African Americans.
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The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People NAACP
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Organization that fought for colored rights
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Voting rigths Act of 1965
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Suspended use of of literacy tests and authorized the appointment of federal examiners who could order the registration of blacks in states.
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19th Amendment (1920)
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Gave women right to vote.
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Reasonables standard
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All legal circunstance must be equal between a men and women.
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Equal Rights Amendment (1972)
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Equality of rights shall not be denied on account of sex; did not pass.
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Title VII
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Prohibits gender discrimination in employment; prevents sexual discrimination.
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Title IX
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All gov't funding must be equal for all gov't programs.
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Comparable worth
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Equal pay for equal work.
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Age discrimination in Employment Act
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raised the retirement age to 70
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American Association of Retired Persons
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Figths for rights of old people.
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Americans w/ Disabilities Act of 1990
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Protected disabled rigths, Supreme Court kind of limits this.
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Civil rights act of 1964
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Federal law that made segregation illegal in most public places, increased penalties and sentences for those convicted of discrimination in employment, and withheld federal aid from schools that discriminated on the basis of race or gender
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right to privacy
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right to be free of unsanctioned intrusion
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Barron V. Baltimore
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Free speech/ free speech applies to state law's violating is unconstitucional.
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Giltlow V. New York
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Free speech/ 1st amendment applies to state.
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Schneck V US
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Free speech/ speech causing or inciting danger unconstitutional. ie draft cards burned threaten national security.
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Brandernburg V Ohio
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Free speech/ speech cannot be limites unless there is imment danger.
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New York Times V Sullivan
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Free speech/ Strengthen free press, made it harder to prove libel only through 'malice'
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Reno V ACLV
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Obscenity/ law banning indecent material through intrenet is unconstitutional.
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Texas V Johnson
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Symbolic speech/ state law banning flag burning illegal.
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Tinker V DesmoinesSchool District
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Symbolic speech/ banning anti-war sentiments is unconstitutional.
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Everson V. Board of Ed.
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Establishment clause/ Fed funding for busing to private schools constitutional.
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Engle V. Vitale
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Establishment clause/ school load prayer unconstitutional.
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Lemon V. Kurtzman
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establishment/ reimburse private school for their thing unconstitutional; lemont test.
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Wallace V. Jaffree
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establishment/ school moment of silence unconstitutional.
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Aguilar V. Fenton
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establishment/ up held lemon test when private schools tried to reimburse teachers.
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Oregon V. Smith
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Free exercise/ states can limit free expression.
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Santa Fe Ind. School district V. Doe
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establishment clause/ student lead prayer in extracullicular event unconstitutional.
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Wolf V. Colorado
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Search and seizure/ 4th amendment does not apply to states.
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Mapp V. Ohio
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Search and seizure/ evidence gathered does apply; overturned Wolf V. Colorado.
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Gideon V. Wain Wrigth
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15th amendment/ Legal counsel or lawyer is in constitutional rigth.
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Miranda V. Arizona
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Due process of law/ confessions are inadmissible if accused are not made aware of their rigths.
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US V. Leon
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search and seizure/ goof faith exception; if evidence is acquired illegally but collected in good faith is constitutional.
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Grisswood vs Conneticut
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Pqualrivacy/ state laws prohibiting selling contraceptives is unconstitutional.
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Roe vs. Wade
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Privacy/Banning abortion is unconstitutional.
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Webster v. Reproductive Health Services
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Privacy/Upheld law that abortions in public hospitals are constitucional.
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Planned Parenthood v. Casey
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Privacy/ state laws setting restrictions on abortion is constitutional w/out violated Roe.
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Plessy v. Ferguson
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Equal protection/ segregation is constitution.
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Brown v. Board of Ed.
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Equal protection/segragation is unconstitutional.
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Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg BOE
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Equal Protection/ busing to break up segragation is constitutional.
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Baker v. Carr
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Equal protection/ voting district-unequal voting state districts unconstitutional.
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University of California v. Bakke
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Equal protection/strict racial quotas are unconstitutional affirmative action was unfair.
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United Steetworkers v Weber .
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Equal protection/strict racial quotas is constitutional in workplace.
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Richmond vs. Croson
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Equal protection/ setting quotas for minorty recieving city funds unconstitutional.
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Rostker v. Golberg g.
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Equal protection/ excluding women from draft is constitutional.
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Bowers v. Hardwick
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Equal protection/ state laws limiting homosexuality is constitutional.
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Boy Scouts of America v. Dale
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Equal protection/ private organ may ban gays from membership.
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Lawrence v. Texas
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Equal protection/ state laws against homosexuals unconstitutional.
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