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140 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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antimicrobial
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an agent that destroys or resists pathogens
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autoclave
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machine creating steam or a type of gas that kills all microorganisms
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barrier
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block or obstacle; object(s) worn by healthcare providers to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases
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biohazard container
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hard, leakproof containers into which sharp objects and items contaminated with infectious material are placed
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bloodborne pathogens
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microorganisms found in human blood that can cause infection and disease in humans
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Bloodborne Pathogen Standard
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federal law requiring that healthcare facilities protect employees froom bloodborne health hazards
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body fluids
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tears, saliva, sputum, (mucus coughed up), urine, feces, semen, vaginal secretions, and pus or other wound drainage
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carrier
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person who carries a pathogen without signs or symptoms of an illness or disease and who can spread the disease
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catheter
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tube inserted through the skin or into a body opening; used to add or drain fluid
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C.difficile (C.diff, clostridium difficile)
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a bacterial illness that can cause diarrhea and colitis; spread by spores in feces that are difficult to kill
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The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
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federal gov. agency responsible for improving the overall health and safety of the people of the United States
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clean
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acondition in which an object has not been contaminated with pathogens
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clean technique
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process of removing pathogens; also called medical asepsis
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communicable disease
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a disease transmitted when a pathogen is spread from one person to another
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contagious disease
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a communicable disease that is spread easily from person to person
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contaminated
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soiled, unclean; having disease-causing organisms or infectious material on it
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cross-infection
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acquiring an infection from someone else; also called cross-contamination
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dehydration
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a condition that occurs when a person does not have enough fluid in the body
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direct contact
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way to transmit pathogens through touching the infected person or his/her secretions
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direct spread
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method of transmission of disease from one person to another
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dirty
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a condition in which an object has been contaminated with pathogens
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disinfection
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a measure used to decrease the spread of pathogens ans disease by destroying pathogens
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drainage
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flow of fluids from a wound or cavity
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exposure control plan
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plan that identifies the step-by-step method of what to do if exposed to infectious material; also includes specific work practices that must be followed
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exposure incident
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situation that occurs when a person is exposed to infectious blood or material
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fomite
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an object that is contaminated with a pathogen and can now spread the pathogen to another person
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hand hygiene
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handwashing with either plain or antiseptic soap and water and using alcohol-based hand rubs
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healthcare-associated infection (HAI)
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an infection associated with various healthcare settings, such as long-term care facilities, hospitals, ambulatory settings or home care
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hepatitis
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inflammation of the liver caused by infection
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immunity
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resistance to infection by a specific pathogen
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incubation period
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the period of time between the time the pathogen enters the body and thetime it causes an infection
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indirect contact
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a way to transmit pathogens by touching something contaminated by the infected person
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indirect spread
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a way to transmission of disease from an object, insect, or animal to a person
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infection
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the state resulting from pathogens invadinf and growing within the human body
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infection control
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set of methods used to control and prevent the spread of disease
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infectious disease
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any disease caused by growth of a pathogen
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isolate
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to keep something separate, or by itself
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localized infection
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infection limited to a specific part of the body; has local symptoms
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malnutrition
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a serious condition in which a person is not gettin propper nutrition
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medical asepsis
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process of removing pathogens; also called clean technique
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microbe
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a tiny living thing visible only by microscope; also called a microorganism
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microorganism (MO)
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a tiny living thing not visible to the eye without a microscope; also called a microbe
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MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staohylococcus aureus) infection
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an infection caused by bacteria that are resistant to many antibiotics; can develop when people do not take all of the medication prescribed to them
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mucous membranes
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the membranes that line body cavities that open to the outside of the body, such as lining of mouth, nose, eyes, rectum, and genitals
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multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs)
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mocroorganisms, mostly bacteria, that are resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents
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non-communicable disease
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a disease not capable of being spread from one person to another
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non-intact skin
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skin that is broken by abrasions, cuts, rashes, acne, pimples, lesions, surgical incisions or boils
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normal flora
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the microorganisms that normally live in and on the body and do not cause harm in a healthy person
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nosocomial infection
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an infection acquired in a hospital
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Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
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a federal gov agency that makes rules to protect workers from hazards on the job
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pathogen
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the microorganism that cause disease
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perineal care
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care of the genitals and anal area by cleansing
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PPE (personal protective epuipment)
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a barrier between a person and disease; includes gloves, gown, mask, goggles, and face shields
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reinfection
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being infected a second time with an infection
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resistance
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the bodys ability to prevent infection and disease
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sanitation
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ways communities maintain clean, hygenic conditions that help prevent disease, such as the disposal of sewage and solid wast
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Standard Precautions
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a method of infection control in which all blood, body fluids, non-intact skin (like abrasions, pimples or open sores) and mucous membranes (lining of mouth, nos, eyes, rectum, or genitals) are treated as if they were infected with a disease
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sterilization
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a measure used to decrease the spread of pathogens and disease by destroying all mocroorganisms, including pathogens
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surgical asepsis
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method that makes an area or an object completely free of microorganisms also called sterile technique
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systemic infection
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an infection that occurs when pathogens enter the blood stream and move throughout the body; causes general symptoms, such as chills and fever
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transmission
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transfer of a disease
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vaccine
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a substance prepared from weakened or killed microbes that is used to give immunity to disease
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VRE (vancomycin-resistant enterococcus)
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a mutant strain of the bacterium enterococcus, a resistance caused by a person not taking all of a powerful antibiotic Vancomycin
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aspiration
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inhailing food or drink into the lungs
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atrophy
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weakening or wasting of muscles
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body mechanics
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the way parts of the body work together when you move
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chemical restraint
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medications used to control a person's behavior
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combustion
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the process of burning
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cyanosis
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blue or pale skin and/or mucous membranes due to decreased oxygen in the blood
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disorientation
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confusion about person, place and time
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dysphagia
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difficulty in swallowing
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flammable
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easily ignited and capable of burning quickly
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hoarding
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collecting and putting things away in a guarded way
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Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
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sheets that provide information on the safe use, hazards, and emergency steps to take when using chemicals
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PASS
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acronym for use of fire extinguisher stands for: Pull-Aim-Squeeze-Sweep
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postural support
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device that maintains good posture or body alignment; also considered a restraint
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protective device
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another word for physical restraint or postural support
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RACE
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acronym for steps taken during a fire stands for Remove-Activate-Contain-Extinguish
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restraint
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a physical or chemical way to restrict voluntary movement or behavior
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restraint alternatives
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measures used instead of physical or chemical restraints
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restraint-free care
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an environment in which restraints are not kept or used for any reason
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scalds
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burns caused by very hot liquids
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slip knot
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a special quick-release knot used to tie restraints
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restraint-free care
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an environment in which restraints are not kept or used for any reason
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scalds
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burns caused by very hot liquids
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suffocation
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death from lack of air or oxygen
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slip knot
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a special quick-release knot used to tie restraints
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synthetic
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artificial or man made
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suffocation
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death from lack of air or oxygen
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abdominal thrusts
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the method of attempting to remove and object from the airway of someone who is choking
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synthetic
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artificial or man made
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cardiac arrest
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the medical term for the stopping of the heartbeat
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abdominal thrusts
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the method of attempting to remove and object from the airway of someone who is choking
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code team
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group of people chosen for particular shift that respond to resident emergencies
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cardiac arrest
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the medical term for the stopping of the heartbeat
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conscious
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the state of being mentally alert and having awareness of surroundings, sensations, and thoughts
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code team
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group of people chosen for particular shift that respond to resident emergencies
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CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation)
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refers to medical procedures used when a persons heart of lungs have stopped working
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conscious
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the state of being mentally alert and having awareness of surroundings, sensations, and thoughts
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CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation)
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refers to medical procedures used when a persons heart of lungs have stopped working
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diabetic ketoacidosis
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a life-threatening complication of diabetes that can result from undiagnosed diabetes, not enough insulin, eating too much, not getting enough exercise, and stress; also known as ketoacidosis or hyperglycemia
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dyspnea
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difficulty breathing
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emesis
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the medical term for vomit or vomitus
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epistaxis
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the medical term for nosebleed
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expressive aphasia
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inability to express needs to others through speech or written words
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fainting
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loss of conciousness; also called syncope
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first aid
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care given by the first people to respond to an emergency
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hemiparesis
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weakness on one side of the body
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hemiplegia
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paralysis of one side of the body
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hyperglycemia
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a life-threatening complication of diabetes that can reult from undiagnosed diabetes, not enough insulin, eating too much, not getting enough exercise, and stress; also known as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or ketoacidosis
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hypoglycemia
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a life-threatening complication of diabetes that can result from either too much insulin or too little food, also known as insulin shock and insulin reaction
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insulin reaction
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a life-threatening complication of diabetes that can result from either too much insulin or too little food; also known as hypoglycemia or insulin shock
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myocardial infarction
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a condition in which blood flow to the heart is completely blocked and muscle cells die; also called a heart attack
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obstructed airway
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a condition in which a person has something blocking the tube through which air enters the lungs
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receptive aphasia
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inability to understand what others are communicating through speech or written words
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respiratory arrest
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the medical term for the stopping of breathing
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shock
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a condition in which there is decreased blood flow to organs and tissues
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syncope
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loss of consciousness; also called fainting
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abdominal girth
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a measurement of the circumference around the abdomen at the umbilicus (navel)
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admission
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the initial entry of a resident into a facility or a unit
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admission pack
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personal care items supplied upon a residents admission
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baseline
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initial value that can be compared to future measurements
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bedridden
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confined to bed
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contracture
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the permanent and often painful shortening of a muscle, usually due to a lack of activity
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discharge
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a doctors order that releases a resident to leave a ficility to go home or to another facility
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dorsal recumbant
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position with the person flat on her back with knees flexed and slightly separated; feet are flat on bed
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kilogram
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1000grams; 1 kilogram = 2.2 pounds
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knee-chest
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position with the person lying of his abdomen with knees pulled up towards the abdomen with legs separated; arms are pulled up and flexed; the head is turned to one side
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lithotomy
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position with the person on her back with her hips at the edge of the exam table; legs are flexed and feet are in padded stirrups
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metric
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system of weights and measures based upon the meter
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transfer
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an order that moves a resident from one unit to another within the same facility
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causitive agent
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pathogen or microorganism that causes disease
#1 in chain of infection |
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reservoir
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where the pathogen lives and grows
#2 in chain of infection |
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portal of exit
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any opening on an infected person allowing pathogens to leave. (nose, mouth,eyes, or cut in the skin)
#3 in chain of infection |
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mode of transmission
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travels. the main routes of transmition are contact, droplet, and airborne
#4 in chain of infection |
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portal of entry
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is any opening on an uninfected person that allows pathogens to enter
#5 in chain of infection |
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susceptible host
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uninfected person who could get sick, a person becomes a susceptible host when his/her resistance to disease decreases
#6 in chain of infection |
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droplet precautions
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droplets normally do not travel further that 3 feet but may travel further face mask,gloves, cough/sneeze etiquette (cover mouth)
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contact precautions
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spread when touch contaminated area on residents body/body fluids gloves, gown
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airborne precautions
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pathogens remain floating for some time carried by moisture and dust mask, gloves
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