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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Consciousness |
A state of awareness |
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Self-awareness |
The special understanding of the self as distinct from other stimuli |
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Variations in alertness, awareness of on going sensations, and self awareness |
What are the multiple meanings of consciousness? |
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State of awareness |
The level of conscious awareness of internal states or surroundings, which can be high or low and realistic or distorted |
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Content of awareness |
The ongoing catalog of internal and external stimuli that are the focus of current attention |
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Self awareness |
The special understanding of the self as distinct from other stimuli |
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Sleep |
A normal state of consciousness characterized by reduced awareness of external stimuli |
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Waking |
A normal state of consciousness characterized by alertness and awareness of external stimuli |
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Circadian rhythm |
A daily biological rhythm |
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Biological clock |
An internal mechanism that provides an approximate schedule for various physical processes |
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Major depressive disorder with seasonal pattern (seasonal affective disorder; SAD) |
A mood disorder in which depression occurs regularly at the same time each year, usually during winter months |
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Beta waves, alpha waves, gamma waves, theta waves, and delta waves |
What are the waveforms of sleep? |
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Beta wave |
A waveform of 15 to 30 cycles per second recorded by an EEG that usually indicates alert waking |
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Alpha wave |
A waveform of 9 to 12 cycles per second recorded by EEG that usually indicates relaxed waking |
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Gamma wave |
A waveform of more than 30 cycles per second recorded by EEG that indicates attention to sensory input |
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REM |
The component of sleep characterized by waveforms resembling waking, as measured by EEG, accompanied by rapid motion of the eyes, muscular paralysis (paradoxical) and sympathetic nervous system activation |
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NREM |
The components of sleep characterized by theta and delta wave activity, as recorded by EEG, and deep physical relaxation |
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Theta wave |
A waveform of 4 to 7 cycles per second recorded by EEG that is characteristic of lighter stages of non raid eye movement sleep. |
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Four stages : 1) falling asleep: theta waves present (lasts 10-15 minutes) 2) heart rate reduces, muscles tension occurs, K complexes, and sleep spindles, response to unfamiliar stimuli (lasts 15 minutes) 3 and 4) deep sleep, delta waves present, difficult to awake, disorienting when woken |
NREM is divided into how many stages, what are they and what waveforms are present ? |
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Paradoxical sleep, vivid dreams, sympathetic system very active, EEG shows waking activity. |
What are the characteristics of rem sleep? |
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3rd or 4th stage REM sleep |
What sleep stage does sleep walking occur in? |
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Dreaming |
A mental state that usually occurs during sleep that features visual imagery |
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Lucid dreaming |
A conscious awareness of dreaming accompanied by the ability to control the content of the dream |
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Sleep terror, insomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea, Sudden infant death syndrome, and restless leg stndrome |
What are the six sleep disorders? |
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Coma |
An abnormal state of deep unconsciousness |
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Vegetative state |
An abnormal state following brain I jury featuring wakefulness without consciousness |
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Near death experience |
An altered state of consciousness reported by people who were close to death because end cardiac or other medical problems that features out of body experiences, light at the end of the tunnel perceptions, and state of calmness |
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Seizures |
An abnormal level of brain activation with a sudden offset |
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Partial seizure |
Able to detect if about to occur, located in focal area |
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General seizure |
Undetectable, and do not arise from a focal area |
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Psychoactive drug |
Any drug with the capability of altering a person's state of mind |
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Tolerance |
The need to administer greater quantities of a drug to achieve the same subjective effect |
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Withdrawal |
Physical responses to the removal of some habitually administered drugs |
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Addiction |
A compulsive physical or psychological dependence on a substance or activity that continues in spite of negative consequences |
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Marijuana, LSD, Caffeine, nicotine, cocaine and amphetamines, methylphenidate (ritalin), MDMA, alcohol, and opioids |
What are the ten commonly used psychoactive drugs? |
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Hallucinogen |
What class of drug is marijuana |
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Hallucinogens |
A drug that stimulates the experience of false perceptions |
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Stimulants |
Any drug that increases the activity of the nervous system |
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Marijuana, LSD, cocaine and amphetamines, ecstacy, |
What are some hallucinogens? |
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Stimulant |
Any drug that increases the activity of the nervous system |
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Caffeine, adderall, |
What are some examples of stimulants? |
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Hypnosis |
An altered state of consciousness characterized by relaxation and increased suggestability |
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Meditation |
A voluntary alteration of consciousness characterized by positive emotion and absence of thought |
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Lsd |
Acts on seratonin |
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Marijuana |
Acts on Endogenous cannibinoids |
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Caffeine |
Acts on adenosine |
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Nicotine |
Acts on acetylcholine |
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Cocaine, amphetamines, and methamphetamines |
Acts on dopamine |
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Ecstasy |
Acts on seratonin, and oxytocin |
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Alcohol |
Acts on GABA, and dopamine |
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Opioids |
Acts on Endogenous endorphins |
