Chapter 6

Front 1

kidneys

Back 1

two bean-shaped organs...to remove waste products from the blood & to aid in maintaining water & electrolyte balances

Front 2

nephron

Back 2

urine-producing microscopic structure; approx 1 mil nephrons are located in each kidney

Front 3

glomerulus

Back 3

cluster of capillaries at the entrance of the nephron;the process of filtering the blood, thereby forming urine, begins here

Front 4

renal pelvis

Back 4

funnel-shaped reservoir that collects the urine and passes it to the ureter

Front 5

hilum

Back 5

indentation on the medial side of the kidney where the ureter leaves the kidney

Front 6

ureters

Back 6

two slender tubes, approx 10 to 13 in long, that receive the urine from the kidneys and carry it to the post. portion of bladder

Front 7

urinary bladder

Back 7

muscular, hollow organ that temporarily holds the urine.

Front 8

urethra

Back 8

lowest part of the urinary tract, thru which the urine passes from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Front 9

urinary meatus

Back 9

opening through which the urine passes to the outside

Front 10

cystitis

Back 10

inflammation of the bladder

Front 11

cystocele

Back 11

protrusion of the bladder

Front 12

cystolith

Back 12

stone in the bladder

Front 13

glomerulonephritis

Back 13

inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney

Front 14

hydronephrosis

Back 14

abnormal condition of water in the kidney (distension of the renal pelvis w/urine because of an obstruction)

Front 15

nephritis

Back 15

inflammation of a kidney

Front 16

nephroblastoma

Back 16

kidney tumor containing developing cell (malignant tumor)(also called Wilms tumor)

Front 17

nephrohypertrophy

Back 17

excessive development of the kidney (increase in size)

Front 18

nephrolithiasis

Back 18

condition of stone(s) in the kidney

Front 19

nephroma

Back 19

tumor of the kidney

Front 20

nephromegaly

Back 20

enlargement of a kidney

Front 21

nephroptosis

Back 21

drooping kidney

Front 22

pyelitis

Back 22

inflammation of the renal pelvis

Front 23

pyelonephritis

Back 23

inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney

Front 24

uremia

Back 24

condition of urine in the blood

Front 25

ureteritis

Back 25

inflammation of a ureter

Front 26

ureterocele

Back 26

protrusion of a ureter

Front 27

ureterolithiasis

Back 27

condition of stones in the ureters

Front 28

ureterostenosis

Back 28

narrowing of the ureter

Front 29

urethrocystitis

Back 29

inflammation of the urethra and the bladder

Front 30

epispadias

Back 30

congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is located on the upper surface of the penis

Front 31

hypospadias

Back 31

congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is located on the underside of the penis; a similar defect can occur in the female

Front 32

polycystic kidney disease

Back 32

condition in which the kidney contains many cysts and is enlarged

Front 33

renal calculi

Back 33

stones in the kidney

Front 34

renal hypertension

Back 34

elevated blood pressure resulting from kidney disease

Front 35

sepsis (septicemia)

Back 35

a condition in which pathogenic microorganisms, usually bacteria, enter the bloodstream, causing a systemic inflammatory response to the infection

Front 36

urinary retention

Back 36

abnormal accumulation of urine in the bladder because of an inability to urinate

Front 37

urinary suppression

Back 37

sudden stoppage of urine formation

Front 38

urinary tract infection (UTI)

Back 38

infection of one or more organs of the urinary tract

Front 39

cystectomy

Back 39

excision of the bladder

Front 40

cystolithotomy

Back 40

incision of the bladder to remove a stone

Front 41

cystorrhaphy

Back 41

suturing the bladder

Front 42

cystostomy

Back 42

creating an artificial opening into the bladder

Front 43

cystotomy or vesicotomy

Back 43

incision of the bladder

Front 44

lithotripsy

Back 44

surgical crushing of a stone

Front 45

meatotomy

Back 45

incision of the meatus

Front 46

nephrectomy

Back 46

excision of a kidney

Front 47

nephrolysis

Back 47

separating the kidney (from other body structures)

Front 48

nephropexy

Back 48

surgical fixation of the kidney

Front 49

nephropyelolithotomy

Back 49

incision throughtthe kidney to the renal pelvis to remove a stone

Front 50

nephrostomy

Back 50

creation of an artificial opening into the kidney

Front 51

pyelolithotomy

Back 51

incision of the renal pelvis to remove a stone

Front 52

pyeloplasty

Back 52

surgical repair of the renal pelvis

Front 53

ureterectomy

Back 53

excision of a ureter

Front 54

ureterostomy

Back 54

creation of an artificial opening into the ureter

Front 55

urethroplasty

Back 55

surgical repair of the urethra

Front 56

vesicourethral suspension

Back 56

suspension pertaining to the bladder urethra

Front 57

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

Back 57

a noninvasive tx for removal of kidney or ureteral stone. Uses ultrasound & fluoroscopic imaging, shock waves are fired at it; shock wave lithotripsy

Front 58

fulguration

Back 58

destruction of living tissue w/an electric spark

Front 59

renal transplant

Back 59

surgical implantation of a donor kidney to replace a nonfunctioning kidney

Front 60

cystogram

Back 60

x-ray image of the bladder

Front 61

cystography

Back 61

x-ray imaging of the bladder

Front 62

intravenous urogram (IVU)

Back 62

x-ray image of the urinary tract (also called intravenous pyelogram)

Front 63

nephrogram

Back 63

x-ray image of the kidney

Front 64

nephrography

Back 64

x-ray imaging of the kidney

Front 65

nephrosonography

Back 65

process of recording the kidney using sound

Front 66

nephrotomogram

Back 66

x-ray image of the kidney (sectional)

Front 67

renogram

Back 67

(graphic) record of the kidney

Front 68

retrograde urogram

Back 68

x-ray image of the urinary tract w/contrast medium instilled thru urethral catheters by a cystoscope

Front 69

voiding cystourethrography

Back 69

x-ray imaging of the bladder and the urethra. radiopaque dye is instilled in the bladder; x-ray images are taken of the bladder & during urination of the dye

Front 70

cystoscope

Back 70

instrument used for visual examination of the bladder

Front 71

cystoscopy

Back 71

visual examination of the bladder

Front 72

meatoscope

Back 72

instrument used for visual examination of the meatus

Front 73

meatoscopy

Back 73

visual examination of the meatus

Front 74

nephroscopy

Back 74

visual examination of the kidney

Front 75

urethroscope

Back 75

instrument used for visual examination of the urethra

Front 76

urinometer

Back 76

instrument used to measure (the specific gravity of) urine

Front 77

KUB (kidney, ureter, bladder)

Back 77

a simple x-ray image of the abdomen.

Front 78

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

Back 78

a blood test that measures the amountof urea in the blood. Used to detemine kidney function

Front 79

creatinine

Back 79

a blood test that measures the amount of creatinine in the blood.

Front 80

specific gravity (SG)

Back 80

a test performed on a urine specimen to measure the concentrating or diluting ability of the kidneys

Front 81

urinalysis

Back 81

multiple routine tests performed on a urine specimen

Front 82

albuminuria

Back 82

albumin in the urine (albumin is an important protein in the blood, but when found in the urine it indicates a kidney problem)

Front 83

anuria

Back 83

absence of urine

Front 84

azotemia

Back 84

urea and nitrogenous substances in the blood

Front 85

diuresis

Back 85

condition of urine passing through increased excretion of urine)

Front 86

dysuria

Back 86

difficult or painful urination

Front 87

glycosuria

Back 87

sugar in the urine

Front 88

hematuria

Back 88

blood in the urine

Front 89

meatal

Back 89

pertaining to the meatus

Front 90

nephrologist

Back 90

aphysician who studies and treats diseases of the kidney

Front 91

nephrology

Back 91

study of the kidney

Front 92

nocturia

Back 92

night urination

Front 93

oliguria

Back 93

scanty urine (amount)

Front 94

polyuria

Back 94

much (excessive) urine

Front 95

pyuria

Back 95

pus in the urine

Front 96

urinary

Back 96

pertaining to urine

Front 97

urologist

Back 97

a physician who studies and treats diseases of the urinary tract

Front 98

urology

Back 98

study of the urinary tract

Front 99

catheter (cath)

Back 99

flexible, tubelike device, such as a urinary catheter, for withdrawing or instilling fluids

Front 100

distended

Back 100

stretched out

Front 101

diruretic

Back 101

agent that increases the formation and excretion of urine

Front 102

enuresis

Back 102

involuntary urination (bed-wetting)

Front 103

hemodialysis (HD)

Back 103

procedure for removing impurities from the blood because of an inability of the kidneys to do so

Front 104

incontinence

Back 104

inability to control bladder and/or bowels

Front 105

micturate

void

Back 105

to urinate or void

to empty or evacuate waste material, especially urine

Front 106

peritoneal dialysis

Back 106

procedure for removing toxic wastes when the kidney is unable to do so; the peritoneal cavity is used as the receptacle for the fluid used in the dialysis

Front 107

stricture

Back 107

abnormal narrowing, such as a urethral stricture

Front 108

urinal

Back 108

receptacle for urine

Front 109

urinary catheterization

Back 109

passage of a catheter into the urinary bladder to withdraw urine

Front 110

urodynamics

Back 110

pertaining to the force and flow of urine within the urinary tract