Chapter 6 1X

Front 1

What are the building blocks of matter?

Back 1

Atoms

Front 2

What is located at the center of the atom?

Back 2

Nucleus

Front 3

What is a positively charged particle?

Back 3

Proton

Front 4

What is a particle with no charge?

Back 4

Neutron

Front 5

What are negatively charged particles?

Back 5

Electrons

Front 6

What is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances and is made of only one type of atom?

Back 6

Element

Front 7

What are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons?

Back 7

Isotopes

Front 8

What is a pure substance formed when two or more different elements combine?

Back 8

Compound

Front 9

What is the chemical bond that forms when electrons are shared?

Back 9

Covalent bond

Front 10

What is a compound in which the atoms are held together by covalent bonds?

Back 10

Molecule

Front 11

An atom that has lost or gained one or more elctrons become an/a what?

Back 11

Ion

Front 12

What is an electrical attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or groups of atoms called ions?

Back 12

Ionic bond

Front 13

When molecules come close together, the attractive forces between these positive and negative regions pull on the molecules and hold them together. The attractions between molecules are called what?

Back 13

Van der Waals forces

Front 14

What is the process by which atoms or groups of atoms in substances are reorganized into different substances.

Back 14

Chemical reaction

Front 15

What is the starting substances that a chemical equation shows.(left side of arrow)

Back 15

Reactants

Front 16

What are the substances formed during the reaction.(right side of arrow)

Back 16

Products

Front 17

What is the minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical reaction?

Back 17

Activation energy

Front 18

What is a substance that lowers the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction?

Back 18

Catalyst

Front 19

Special proteins that are the biological catalysts that speed up the rate of chemical reactions in biological processes.

Back 19

Enzymes

Front 20

The reactants that bind to the enzyme are called what?

Back 20

Substrates

Front 21

What is the specific location where a substrate binds on an enzyme?

Back 21

Active site

Front 22

Molecules that have an unequal distribution of charges are called what?

Back 22

Polar molecules

Front 23

In water, the electrostatic attraction is called a what?

Back 23

Hydrogen Bond

Front 24

What is a combination of 2 or more substances in which each substance retains its individual characterisics and properties.

Back 24

Mixture

Front 25

Whats another name for a homogeneous mixture?

Back 25

Solution

Front 26

A substance in which another substance is dissolved.

Back 26

Solvent

Front 27

Substance that is dissolved in the solvent.

Back 27

Solute

Front 28

Substances that release hydrogen ions when they are dissolved in water are called what?

Back 28

Acids

Front 29

When substances that release hydroxide ions are dissolved in water.

Back 29

Bases

Front 30

The measure of concentration of H+ in a solution is called what?

Back 30

pH

Front 31

Mixtures that can react with acids or bases to keep the pH withtin a particular range are called what?

Back 31

Buffers

Front 32

Large molecules that are formed by joining smaller organic molecules together is called.

Back 32

Macromolecules

Front 33

Molecules made from repeating units of identical or nearly identical compounds called monomers.

Back 33

Polymers

Front 34

Compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of one oxygen and 2 hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom are called what?

Back 34

Carbohydrates

Front 35

Molecules made mostly of carbon and hydrogen that make up fats, oils, and waxes are called what?

Back 35

Lipids

Front 36

What is a compound made of small carbon compounds called amino acids.

Back 36

Protein

Front 37

Small compounds that are made of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, and somtimes sulfur are called what?

Back 37

Amino acids

Front 38

Complex macromolecules that store and transmit genetic information are called what?

Back 38

Nucleic acids

Front 39

Nucleic acids are made of smaller repeating subunits composed of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and hdrogen atoms called what?

Back 39

Nucleotides