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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anti-Federalists
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Anti-Federalists dictate that the central governing authority of a nation should be equal or inferior to, but not having more power than, its sub-national states (state government)
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Bill of Rights
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a list of the most important rights of the citizens of a country
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Robert Morris
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an American merchant, and signer of the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the United States Constitution. He was elected to the Pennsylvania Assembly and became the Chairman of the Pennsylvania Committee of Safety and a member of the Second Continental Congress where he served as chairman of the "Secret Committee of Trade" and as a member of the Committee of Correspondence
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John Jay
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Jay served as the President of the Continental Congress from 1778 to 1779. During and after the American Revolution, Jay was a minister (ambassador) to Spain and France, helping to fashion United States foreign policy, and to secure favorable peace terms from Great Britain (with Jay's Treaty of 1794) and the First French Republic. Jay also co-wrote the Federalist Papers, along with Alexander Hamilton and James Madison.
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James Madison
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an American politician and political philosopher who served as the fourth President of the United States (1809–1817) and is considered one of the Founding Fathers of the United States
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Governor Morris
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chief justice of New York and British governor of New Jersey, was the first lord of the manor of Morrisania in New York (in what is now the Bronx).
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Status of Slavery
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Slaves were continuously being set free in the North and the Chesapeake, with their masters fearing what counted as equal liberty; which all Americans were eager to promote. However, southern colonies still wouldn't concede
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Montesquieu – The Spirit of Laws
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In this political treatise Montesquieu advocates constitutionalism and the separation of powers, the abolition of slavery, the preservation of civil liberties and the rule of law, and the idea that political and legal institutions ought to reflect the social and geographical character of each particular community
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New Jersey Plan
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a proposal for the structure of the United States Government proposed by William Paterson at the Constitutional Convention on June 15, 1787
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3/5 Compromise
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a compromise between Southern and Northern states reached during the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 in which three-fifths of the population of slaves would be counted for enumeration purposes regarding both the distribution of taxes and the apportionment of the members of the United States House of Representatives
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William Paterson
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a New Jersey statesman, a signer of the U.S. Constitution, and Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court, who served as the 2nd governor of New Jersey, from 1790 to 1793
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Republican
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Early Republican ideology was reflected in the 1856 slogan "free labor, free land, free men." "Free labor" referred to the Republican opposition to slave labor and belief in independent artisans and businessmen. "Free land" referred to Republican opposition to plantation system whereby the rich could buy up all the good farm land and work it with slaves, leaving the yeoman independent farmers the leftovers
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Benjamin Banneker
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a free African American astronomer, mathematician, surveyor, almanac author and farmer.
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Phyllis Wheatley
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the first published African American poet and first African-American woman whose writings were published
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Society for the Relief of Free Negroes
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The Society for the Relief of Free Negroes Unlawfully Held in Bondage was the first American abolition society. It was initially formed April 14, 1775, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and held four meetings.
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Henry Knox
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a military officer of the Continental Army and later the United States Army, and also served as the first United States Secretary of War.
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Letters From a Farmer in Pennsylvania
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a series of essays written by the Pennsylvania lawyer and legislator John Dickinson and published under the name "A Farmer" from 1767 to 1768. The twelve letters were widely read and reprinted throughout the thirteen colonies, and were important in uniting the colonists against the Townshend Acts
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Federalist Number 10
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addresses the question of how to guard against "factions," or groups of citizens, with interests contrary to the rights of others or the interests of the whole community
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Shays Rebellion
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an armed uprising in central and western Massachusetts (mainly Springfield) from 1786 to 1787. The rebellion is named after Daniel Shays, a veteran of the American Revolutionary war
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Virginia Plan
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was a proposal by Virginia delegates, drafted by James Madison while he waited for a quorum to assemble at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 The Virginia Plan was notable for its role in setting the overall agenda for debate in the convention and, in particular, for setting forth the idea of population-weighted representation in the proposed national legislature.
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Committee of Detail
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established by the Philadelphia Convention on June 23, 1787 to put down a draft text reflecting the agreements made by the Convention up to that point, including the Virginia Plan's 15 resolutions
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Jay-Gardoqui Treaty
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between the United States and Spain guaranteed Spain's exclusive right to navigate the Mississippi River for 30 years. It also opened Spain's European and West Indian seaports to American shipping. However, the Treaty was not ratified under the Articles of Confederation
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Federalist #84
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notable for presenting the idea that a Bill of Rights was not a necessary component of the proposed United States Constitution
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Articles of Confederation
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the first constitution of the United States and specified how the Federal government was to operate, including adoption of an official name for the new nation, United States of America
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Land Ordinance of 1785
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adopted by the United States Congress on May 20, 1785. Under the Articles of Confederation, Congress did not have the power to raise revenue by direct taxation of the inhabitants of the United States. Therefore, the immediate goal of the ordinance was to raise money through the sale of land in the largely unmapped territory west of the original states acquired after the end of the Revolutionary War
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Northwest Ordinance
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an act of the Congress of the Confederation of the United States. The primary effect of the ordinance was the creation of the Northwest Territory as the first organized territory of the United States out of the region south of the Great Lakes, north and west of the Ohio River, and east of the Mississippi River
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Constitutional Convention
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took place from May 25 to September 17, 1787, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to address problems in governing the United States of America, which had been operating under the Articles of Confederation
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Theory of State Sovereignty
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States had their own government and were seperate from the whole country
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Society of the Cincinnati
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founded in 1783 to preserve the ideals and fellowship of the Revolutionary War officers and to pressure the government to honor pledges it had made to officers who fought for American independence
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John Woolman
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an American itinerant Quaker preacher, traveling throughout the American colonies, advocating against conscription, military taxation, and particularly slavery.
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Primogeniture
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the right, by law or custom, of the firstborn to inherit the entire estate, to the exclusion of younger siblings. Historically, the term implied male primogeniture, to the exclusion of females. According to the Norman tradition, the first-born son inherited the entirety of a parent's wealth, estate, title or office and then would be responsible for any further passing of the inheritance to his siblings
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