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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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perceptual category
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- an implicit classification of perceptual stimuli into discrete sets in spite of a lack of physical discontinuity in the stimuli
- ex. colours, facial expressions, and consonant sounds |
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category
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- a mentally represented collection of entities (objects, people, actions, or events)
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concept
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A psychological grouping together of entities, objects, events, or even characteristics on the basis of some more or less functional commonality, including some understanding of their interrelationship
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natural-kind category
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a psychological grouping of the classes of entities that are seen to be natural categories or objects grouped together as they are perceived to be in nature
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classic category
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a category that can be defined by a list of necessary and sufficient features
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perceptually bound
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compelled to categorize objects based on visually perceivable features, as Piaget thought children were.
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thematic association
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the grouping of items based on their use together or their prior association in a story rather than on category membership
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complex
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a grouping that is more fluid and less well defined than a category and that did not rely on classic definitions. Piaget thought young children had complexes, not proper categories
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functional fixedness
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The psychological phenomenon wherein identifying an item as belonging to one category makes it difficult for a person to think of using it for a function that is not associated with that category
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class-inclusion experiment
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an experiment used by Piaget and others in which children were tested to see if they would include a subset in a broader grouping
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basic-level categories
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a category that is most easily processed at a basic level, first learned by children, and within which inferences are more generously drawn
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essentialism
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the view that for any given entity there is an essence- some property that every member of that kind must possess - which gives it its category membership and its category-specific features
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transformation experiment
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an experiment in which a child is asked whether an item can change category membership given the appropriate manipulation of features. It is used to test a child's intuitions about essentialism.
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inductive method
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a research method in which a researcher asks a child what kinds of inferences he can make from one entity to another in order to probe the child's categories in terms of membership and internal structure
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