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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is an antiemetic agent?
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drugs used o relieve nausea and vomiting
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what are the 6 categories of antiemetics?
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anticholinergic agents
antihistimine agents neuroleptic agents prokinentic agents seretonin blockers tetrahydrocannabinoids |
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what do anticholinergics do?
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bind and bloch acetycholine receptors on the vestibular cochlea which are located in the labrythinth(inner ear)
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what do antihistamines do?
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work very similiar to the way that anticholinergenics work. they inhibit ach by binding to the H1 receptors which prevents cholinergenic stimulation
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what do nuroleptic agents do?
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prevent nausea and vomiting by blocking dopamine receptors on the ctz
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what do prokinentic agents do?
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primary action is to stimulate peristalsis in the GI tract.
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what do seretonin blockers do?
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work by blocking seretonin receptors located in the gi tract, ctz, and vc
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what do tetrahydrocannabinoids do?
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thc is the major psychoactive substance in marijuana. it has inhibitory effects on the reticular formation, thalamus, and cerebral cortex. these effects cause a an alteration in mood and the bodies perception of its surroundings, which may be benificial in relieving nausea and vomiting
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what indications are anticholinergic agents used for?
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motion sickness
secretion reduction b/surgery nausea/vomiting |
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what indications are antihistimine agents used for?
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motion sickness
nonproductive cough sedation rhinitis allergy symtoms nausea/vomiting |
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what indications are neuroleptic agents used for?
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phychotic disorders
intractible hiccups nausea/vomiting |
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what indications are seretonin blockers used for?
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nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemo
postoperative nausea/vomiting |
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what indications are prokinetic agents used for?
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delayed gastic emptying
gastroesophageal reflux nausea/vomiting |
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what indications are tetrahydrocannabinoids used for?
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nausea/vomiting asso with chemo
anorexia associated with weight/loss in AIDS patients |
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anticholinergics side effects:
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dizziness/drowsiness/disorientation
blurred vision/dialated pupils/ dry mouth difficult urination/constipation rash/erythema |
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antihistimines side effects:
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dizziness/drowsiness/confusio
blurred vission/dilated puplis/ dry mouth urinary retention |
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neuroleptic side effects:
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orthostatic hypotension/tachycardia
headache/pseudoparkinssonism akathisis/dystonia blurred vision/dry eyes urinary retention dry mouth/nausea/vomiting/anorexia/constipation |
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prokinetic side effects:
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hypotension/tachycardia
sedation/fatigue/restlessness/headache/dystonia drymouth/nausea/vomiting/diarrhea |
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seretonin blocker side effects:
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headache
diarrhea/ transient increased ast and alt levels rash/bronchospasm |
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tetrahydrocannabinoids side effects:
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drowsiness/dizziness/anxiety
confusion/euphoria visual disturbance dry mouth |
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what is scopolamine
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(TRANSDERM-SCOP
ANTICHOLINERGIC PRIMARY ANTIEMETIC USED (effects vestibular nuclei in inner ear and represents area of brain that controls balance. works by blocking the binding of ach to cholinergic receptors in this region. corrects inbalance between ach and norepinephrine) USED FOR:nause/vomiting ass with motion sickness ROUTE:72 hour transderma patch, tablet/injection, eyes *put patch behind ear* CONTRAINDICATIONS: GLAUCOMA |
