Chapter 5 Vocabulary

Front 1

articular cartilage

Back 1

a type of hyaline connective tissue that covers the articulating surfaces of
bones within synovial joints

Front 2

bursa

Back 2

shock-absorbing sacs of fluid - allows tendons to move over bones

Front 3

fascia

Back 3

tough fibrous material around muscles - often extends past muscle to form a tendon

Front 4

ilium

Back 4

upper, wing-shaped bone of the pelvic girdle

Front 5

endosteum

Back 5

inner layer of bone

Front 6

periosteum

Back 6

outer layer of bone

Front 7

diaphysis

Back 7

the shaft of a long bone

Front 8

epiphysis

Back 8

the enlarged proximal and distal ends of a long bone

Front 9

appendicular skeleton

Back 9

limb bones attached to axial skeleton

Front 10

axial skeleton

Back 10

bones forming axis of skeleton - includes skull, vertebrae, ribs and sternum

Front 11

synovial fluid

Back 11

lubricating fluid for joints, bursae and tendons

Front 12

tendon

Back 12

fibrous material that attaches muscles to bones

Front 13

ligament

Back 13

fibrous material that attaches bones to bones

Front 14

compact bone

Back 14

hard, dense outer layer of bone

Front 15

spongy or cancellous bone

Back 15

soft, lattice-like bone inside, usually at ends of long bone

Front 16

bone marrow cavity

Back 16

makes red and white cells and platelets

Front 17

arthralgia

Back 17

joint pain

Front 18

ataxia

Back 18

unable to coordinate movement

Front 19

atrophy

Back 19

wasting away or decrease in size of body part due to disease or lack of activity

Front 20

dyskinesia

Back 20

unable to move body parts voluntarily

Front 21

synovial fluid

Back 21

lubricating fluid for joints, bursae and tendons

Front 22

tendon

Back 22

fibrous material that attaches muscles to bones

Front 23

ligament

Back 23

fibrous material that attaches bones to bones

Front 24

compact bone

Back 24

hard, dense outer layer of bone

Front 25

spongy or cancellous bone

Back 25

soft, lattice-like bone inside, usually at ends of long bone

Front 26

bone marrow cavity

Back 26

makes red and white cells and platelets

Front 27

arthralgia

Back 27

joint pain

Front 28

ataxia

Back 28

unable to coordinate movement

Front 29

atrophy

Back 29

wasting away or decrease in size of body part due to disease or lack of activity

Front 30

dyskinesia

Back 30

unable to move body parts voluntarily

Front 31

dystrophy

Back 31

a condition caused by defective nutrition

Front 32

hypertrophy

Back 32

increase in size of an organ due to increase in cell size not number of cells

Front 33

myalgia

Back 33

diffuse muscle pain

Front 34

achondroplasia

Back 34

disorder of cartilage growth in long bones and skull - aka: dwarfism

Front 35

ankylosis

Back 35

fusion of a joint, usually in abnormal position

Front 36

arthritis

Back 36

inflammation in joints

Front 37

bunion

Back 37

abnormal, medial enlargement of joint at base of big toe

Front 38

bursitis

Back 38

inflammation of bursa

Front 39

carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

Back 39

inflammation and pain in wrist - synovial sheaths swell putting pressure on median nerve

Front 40

chondromalacia

Back 40

softening or deterioration of cartilage

Front 41

muscular dystrophy

Back 41

disease characterized by progressive atrophy of muscles

Front 42

greenstick fracture

Back 42

slight break in bone (looks like a fissure on x-ray)

Front 43

comminuted fracture

Back 43

a break resulting in fragmentation of bone (think of a community of bone pieces at sight of fracture)

Front 44

open/compound fracture

Back 44

a fracture that breaks the skin

Front 45

closed/simple fracture

Back 45

a fracture that is internal to the body - does not break the skin

Front 46

kyphosis

Back 46

a deformity of the upper back bones of the spine characterized by a hump

Front 47

lordosis

Back 47

a deformity of the lower back bones of the spine characterized by an anterior curve of the lumbar region

Front 48

scoliosis

Back 48

abnormal lateral curvature of spine

Front 49

paraplegia

Back 49

paralysis of lower half of body including both legs

Front 50

quadraplegia

Back 50

paralysis of all four limbs

Front 51

myeloma

Back 51

a malignant tumor of bone marrow

Front 52

myositis

Back 52

inflammation of muscle tissue

Front 53

osteitis

Back 53

inflammation of bone

Front 54

osteomalacia

Back 54

a gradual and painful softening of bones

Front 55

osteomyelitis

Back 55

painful bone infection - bacterial inflammation of red bone marrow

Front 56

osteoporosis

Back 56

abnormal loss of bone density

Front 57

osteosaarcoma

Back 57

cancer of bone

Front 58

arthrocentesis

Back 58

surgical puncture of a joint to suction fluids from synovial joint

Front 59

arthrodesis

Back 59

surgical fixation of a joint

Front 60

arthrogram

Back 60

x-ray film of a joint after injection of air, contrast media or both

Front 61

arthroplasty

Back 61

surgical repair of a joint

Front 62

arthroscopy

Back 62

using an arthroscope to view a joint cavity

Front 63

bursectomy

Back 63

excision (removal) of bursa

Front 64

electromyography (EMG)

Back 64

a procedure that records the strength of muscle contractions

Front 65

myoplasty

Back 65

surgical repair of muscle tissue

Front 66

osteoplasty

Back 66

surgical repair of bone

Front 67

claudication

Back 67

"limping" - cramplike pains in calves caused by poor circulation

Front 68

crepitation

Back 68

cracking or rattling sound, especially in persons with inflamed lungs

Front 69

flaccid

Back 69

lacking muscle tone

Front 70

rigor/rigidity

Back 70

rigid condition of muscle tissue

Front 71

tremor

Back 71

involuntary, rhythmic contracting and relaxing of muscle groups

Front 72

myoma

Back 72

fibroid tumors of the uterus

Front 73

leiomyoma

Back 73

smooth muscle tumors in stomach, uterus or intestine