Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
absorption
|
passage of materials through the walls of the samll intestine into the bloodstream.
|
|
amino acids
|
Building blocks of proteins, produced when proteins are digested.
|
|
amylase
|
enzyme secreted by the pancreas to digest starch.
|
|
anus
|
opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body.
|
|
appendix
|
blind pouch handing from the cecum (in the right lower quadrant [RLQ]. It literally means handing (pend/o) on (ap-).
|
|
bile
|
digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. It breaks up (emulsifies) large fat globules. Bile originally was called gall (Latin bili meaning gall or anger), probably because it has a bitter taste. It is composed of bile pigments, cholesterol, and bile salts.
|
|
billrubin
|
pigment release by the liver in bile.
|
|
bowel
|
intestine.
|
|
caine teeth
|
pointed, "dog tooth"-like (caine) teeth, next to (distal to) the incisors. Also called cuspids or eyeteeth.
|
|
cecum
|
first part of the large intestine.
|
|
colon
|
large intestine, consisting of the cecum; the ascending, transverse, and descending segments of the colon; and the rectum.
|
|
common bile duct
|
carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum. Also called the choledochus.
|
|
defecation
|
elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the rectum.
|
|
deglutition
|
swallowing.
|
|
dentin
|
major tissue composing teeth, covered by the enamel in the crown and a protective layer of cemetum in the root.
|
|
digestion
|
breakdown of complex food to simpler forms.
|
|
duodenum
|
first part of the small intestine. Duo = 2, den = 10; the duodenum measures 12 inches.
|
|
elimination
|
Act of removal of materials from the body; in the digestive system, the removal of indigestible materials.
|
|
emulsification
|
physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules, thereby increasing the surface area that enzymes can use the digest the fat.
|
|
enamel
|
hard outermost layer of the tooth.
|
|
enzyme
|
a chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances. Digestive enzymes break down complex foods to simpler substances. Enzymes are given names that end in -ase.
|
|
esophagus
|
Tube connecting the throat to the stomach. Eso- means inward; phag/o means swallowing.
|
|
fatty acids
|
substances produced when fats are digested.
|
|
feces
|
solid wastes; stools.
|
|
gallbladder
|
small sac under the liver; stores bile. Remember: gallbladder is one word.
|
|
glucose
|
simple sugar
|
|
glycogen
|
starch; glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in liver cells.
|
|
hydrochloric acid
|
substance produced by the stomach; necessary for digestion of food.
|
|
ileum
|
third part of the small intestine; from the Greek eilos, meaning twisted. When the abdomen was viewed at autopsy, the intestine appeared twisted, and the ileum often was an area of obstruction.
|
|
incisor
|
one of four front teeth in the dental arch.
|
|
insulin
|
hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas. It transports sugar from the blood into cells and stimulates glycogen formation by the liver.
|
|
jejunum
|
second part of the small intestine. The Latin jejunus means empty; this part of the intestine was always empty when a body was examined after death.
|
|
lipase
|
pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats.
|
|
liver
|
a large organ locatged in the RUQ of the abdomen. The liver scretes bile; stores sugar, iron, and vitamins; produces blood proteins; and destroys worn-out red blood cells. The normal adult liver weights about 2 1/2 to 3 pounds.
|
|
lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
|
ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach. Also called cardiac sphincter.
|
|
mastication
|
chewing.
|
|
molar teeth
|
the sixth, seventh, and eighth teeth from the middle on either side of the dental arch. Premolar teeth are the fourth and fifth teeth, before the molars.
|
|
plate
|
roof of the mouth. The hard plate lies anterior to the soft palate and is supported by the upper jaw bone (maxilla). The soft palate is the posterior fleshy part between the mouth and the throat.
|
|
pancreas
|
organ under the stomach; produces insulin (for transport of sugar into cells) and enzymes (for the digestion of foods).
|
|
papillae (singular; papilla)
|
small elevations on the tongue.
|
|
parotid gland
|
salivary gland within the check; just anterior to the ear.
|
|
peristalsis
|
rhythmic contractions of the tubes of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and other tubular structures. Peristalsis moves the contents through the GI tract at different rates: stomach, 0.5 to 2 hours; small intestine, 2 to 6 hours; and colon, 6 to 72 hours. Peri- means surrounding; -stalsis is constriction.
|
|
pharynx
|
throat, the common passageway for food from the mouth and for air from the nose.
|
|
portal vein
|
large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines.
|
|
protease
|
enzyme that digests protein.
|
|
pulp
|
soft tissue within a tooth, containing nerves and blood vessels.
|
|
pyloric sphincter
|
ring of muscles at the end of the stomach, nedar the duodenum. From the Greek pyloros, meaning gatekeeper. It is normally closed, but opens when a wave of peristalsis passes over it.
|
|
pylorus
|
Distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum.
|
|
rectum
|
last section of the large intestine, connecting the end of the colon and the anus.
|
|
rugae
|
ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach.
|
|
saliva
|
digestive juice produced by salivary glands.
|
|
salivary glands
|
parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands.
|
|
sigmoid colon
|
fourth and last s-shaped segment of the colon, just before the rectum; empties into the rectum.
|
|
sphincter
|
circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening.
|
|
stomach
|
muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus. The stomach's parts are the fundus (proximal section), body (middle section), and antrum (distal section).
|
|
triglycerides
|
Large fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acid and one part glycerol.
|
|
uvula
|
Soft tissue handing from the middle of the soft palate. The Latin uva means grape.
|
|
villi (singular; villus)
|
microscopic projections in the walls of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream.
|