Chapter 5 Vocab - Medical Terminology Exam

Front 1

absorption

Back 1

passage of material through the walls of the small intestines and into the blood stream

Front 2

achalasia

Back 2

failure of the lower esophageal sphincter muscle (LES) to relax; dilation of the esophagus above the stonosis and loss of the peristalsis occur

Front 3

achlorhydria

Back 3

absence of hydrochloric acid from the gastric juice

Front 4

amino acids

Back 4

the chief constituents of proteins, there are 20 amino acids that contribute to protein synthesis. Amino acids are formed when large protein molecules are digested

Front 5

amylase

Back 5

An enzyme that digests starches into simpler substances (such as sugars)

Front 6

anal fistula

Back 6

abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus

Front 7

anastomosis

Back 7

A surgical procedure that creates a new opening between two previously unconnected tubular organs or parts of the same organ

Front 8

anorexia

Back 8

lack of appetite.

Front 9

anus

Back 9

The opening of the rectum to the outside of the body

Front 10

aphthous stomatitis

Back 10

Inflammation of the mouth with small painful ulcers; canker sores.

Front 11

appendectomy

Back 11

removal or excision of the appendix

Front 12

appendicitis

Back 12

inflammation of the appendix

Front 13

appendix

Back 13

small, slender sac near the beginning og the colon in the RLQ of the abdomen

Front 14

ascites

Back 14

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

Front 15

bile

Back 15

Yellow or orange fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. It travels from the gallbladder into the small intestines to help digest fats

Front 16

biliary

Back 16

Pertaining to bile or bile ducts. Bile ducts empty bile into the small intestine (duodenum)

Front 17

bilirubin

Back 17

a yellow-orange pigment found in bile

Front 18

borborygmus

Back 18

rumbling or gurgling noise produced by hyper active movement of gas, fluid or both in the gastrointestinal tract

Front 19

bowel

Back 19

Intestine. The large bowel is called the colon and the small bowel is the small intestine

Front 20

buccal mucosa

Back 20

Mucous membrane lining the cheek

Front 21

canine teeth

Back 21

four, pointed dog-like (canine means dog) teeth. Each canine or cusped tooth is third from the midline of the jaw

Front 22

cecal

Back 22

pertaining to the cecum, which is the first part of the large intestine (colon).

Front 23

cecum

Back 23

first part of the large intestine (colon)

Front 24

celiac

Back 24

Pertaining to the abdomen

Front 25

cheilitis

cheilosis

Back 25

inflammation of the lip

an abnormal condition of the lips characterized by scaling of the surface and by the formation of fissures in the corners of the mouth

Front 26

cholecystectomy

Back 26

excision or removal of the gallbladder

Front 27

choledochojejunostomy

Back 27

surgical anastomosis between the common bile duct and the jejunum

Front 28

choledocholithiasis

Back 28

abnormal condition of stones in the common bile duct

Front 29

choledochotomy

Back 29

incision of the common bile duct

Front 30

cholelithiasis

Back 30

abnormal condition of gallstones

Front 31

cirrhosis

Back 31

chronic, degenerative disease of the liver

Front 32

colon

Back 32

large intestine (bowel)

Front 33

colonic

Back 33

pertaining to the colon

Front 34

colonic polyposis

Back 34

Benign growths protrude from the mucous membrane lining the colon

Front 35

colonoscopy

Back 35

visual endoscopic examination of the colon

Front 36

colorectal cancer

Back 36

adenocarcinoma of the colon or the rectum or both

Front 37

colostomy

Back 37

new opening of the colon through the abdominal wall to the outside of the body.

Front 38

dentibuccal

Back 38

Pertaining to the cheek and teeth

Front 39

duodenal

Back 39

Pertaining to the duodenum

Front 40

enterocolitis

Back 40

inflammation of the small intestine and colon

Front 41

enterocolostomy

enteroenterostomy

Back 41

New surgical connection between parts of:

1) Small intestine and the colon

2) Two parts of previously unconnected parts of the small intestine

Front 42

mesentery

Back 42

Membrane that holds the intestine together; a fold of the peritoneum attaching the small intestine to the dorsal (back) body wall

Front 43

parenteral

Back 43

Pertaining to by some route other than through the gastrointestinal tract, as by intravenous injection

Front 44

esophageal

Back 44

Pertaining to the esophagus

Front 45

facial

Back 45

Pertaining to the face

Front 46

gastrostomy

Back 46

new opening of the stomach through the abdominal wall to the outside of the body

Front 47

gingivitis

Back 47

inflammation of the gums

Front 48

hypoglossal

Back 48

pertaining to under the tongue

Front 49

hepatoma

Back 49

Malignant tumor of liver cells

aka

hepatocellular carcinoma

Front 50

hepatomegaly

Back 50

enlargement of the liver

Front 51

ileocecal sphincter

Back 51

Ring of muscles that are between the ileum and the cecum (first part of the large intestine).

Front 52

ileitis

Back 52

Inflammation off the ileum (third part of the small intestine)

Front 53

ileostomy

Back 53

Surgical formation of an artificail opening from the ileum to the outside of the body through the abdominal wall.

Front 54

gastrojejunostomy

Back 54

new surgical opening between the stomach and the jejunum; an anastomosis. The procedure is part of a gastric bypass.

Front 55

labial

Back 55

Pertaining to the lip

Front 56

laparoscopy

Back 56

Visual examination of the abdomen and abdominal organs through a small abdominal incision

Front 57

sublingual

Back 57

Pertaining to under the tongue

Front 58

submandibular

Back 58

Pertaining to under the lower jaw (mandible)

Front 59

orthodontist

Back 59

Dentist specializing in straightening teeth

Front 60

periodontist

Back 60

Dentist specializing in treating the gums

Front 61

endodontist

Back 61

A dentist specializing in the inner parts of the tooth (performs root canal therapy)

Front 62

oral

Back 62

pertaining to the mouth

(Stomat/o also means mouth)

Front 63

palatoplasty

Back 63

surgical repair of the palate

Front 64

pancreatitis

Back 64

inflammation of the pancreas

Front 65

peritonitis

Back 65

Inflammation of the peritoneum

Front 66

pharyngeal

Back 66

pertaining to the pharynx or throat

Front 67

palatopharyngoplasty

Back 67

Surgery of the palate and pharynx to treat cases of snoring or sleep apnea caused by obstructions in the throat or nose.

Front 68

proctologist

Back 68

Specialist in the study of the anus and the rectum.

Front 69

pyloroplasty

Back 69

surgical repair of the pyloric sphincter

Front 70

rectocele

Back 70

hernia of the wall of the rectum

Front 71

sialadenitis

Back 71

Inflammation of a salivary gland

Front 72

sigmoidoscopy

Back 72

Visual endoscopic examination of the sigmoid colon

Front 73

stomatitis

Back 73

inflammation of the mouth

Front 74

uvulectomy

Back 74

Removal (excision) of the uvula.

Front 75

perianal

Back 75

Pertaining to surrounding the anus

Front 76

hyperbilirubinemia

Back 76

high levels of bilirubin (yellow/orange pigment) in the bloodstream; jaundice

Front 77

gluconeogenesis

Back 77

Process of producing new sugar from fats and proteins; occurs mainly in the liver

Front 78

hyperlgycemia

Back 78

High levels of sugar in the bloodstream; diabetes mellitus

Front 79

glycogenolysis

Back 79

Breakdown of glycogen in the liver to release sugar when sugar is low.

Front 80

lipoma

Back 80

Benign tumor composed of adipose tissue.

Front 81

lithogenesis

Back 81

Formation of stone (calculi)

Front 82

protease

Back 82

enzyme that digests proteins

Front 83

sialolith

Back 83

Salivary gland stone; lodged in a salivary gland or duct

Front 84

steatorrhea

Back 84

discharge of fat in the feces due to improper digestion and malabsorption of fat.

Front 85

lipase

Back 85

Enzyme that digests fats; produced by cells in the pancreas and secreted into the duodenum

Front 86

hematochezia

Back 86

Passage of bright red blood from the rectum

Front 87

postprandial

Back 87

after meals