Chapter 5 The Cardiovascular System

Front 1

Cardiovascular

Back 1

Means pertaining to the heart and blood vessels

Front 2

Heart

Back 2

Is a hollow, muscular organ located in the thoracic cavity, between the lungs

Front 3

Pericardium

Back 3

Is the double walled membranous sac that encloses the heart

Front 4

Epicardium

Back 4

Is the external layer of the heart and the inner layer of the pericardium

Front 5

Myocardium

Back 5

is the middle and thickest of the heart's three layers

Front 6

Endocardium

Back 6

which consists of epithelial tissue, is the inner lining of the heart

Front 7

Coronary arteries

Back 7

which supply oxygen-rich blood to the myocardium

Front 8

Atria

Back 8

are the two upper chambers of the heart, and these chambers are divided by interatrial septum

Front 9

Ventricles

Back 9

are the two lower chambers of the heart, and these chambers are divided by the inter ventricular septum

Front 10

Tricuspid Valve

Back 10

controls the opening between the right atrium and the right ventricle

Front 11

Pulmonary semilunar valve

Back 11

is located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

Front 12

Mitral valve

Back 12

is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle

Front 13

Aortic semilunar valve

Back 13

Is located between the left ventricle and the aorta

Front 14

Pulmonary circulation

Back 14

is the flow of blood only between the heart and lungs

Front 15

Pulmonary arteries

Back 15

carry deoxygenated blood out of the right ventricle and into the lungs

Front 16

Pulmonary veins

Back 16

carry the oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium of the heart

Front 17

Systemic circulation

Back 17

Includes the flow of blood to all parts of the body except the lungs

Front 18

Right atrium

Back 18

receives oxygen-poor blood from all tissues, except the lungs, through the superior and inferior vanae cavae. Blood flows out of the RA through the tricuspid valve init the right ventricle

Front 19

Right Ventricle

Back 19

pumps the oxygen-poor blood through the four pulmonary semilunar valve and into the pulmonary artery, which carries it to the lungs

Front 20

Left atrium

Back 20

receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs through the four pulmonary veins. The blood flows out of the LA, through the mitral valve, and into the left ventricle

Front 21

Left ventricle

Back 21

receives oxygen-rich blood from the left atrium. Blood flows out of the LV through the aortic semilunar valve and into the aorta, which carries it to all parts of the body, except the lungs

Front 22

Oxygen poor blood is returned by the vanae cavae to the right atrium, and the cycle continues

Front 23

Heartbeat

Back 23

is the ability to pump blood effectively throughout the body; the contraction and relaxation (beating) of the heart must occur in exactly the correct sequence

Front 24

Sinoatrial node

Back 24

which is often referred to as the SA node, is located in the posterior wall of the right atrium near the entrance of the superior vena cava

Front 25

Atrioventricular node

Back 25

the impulses from the SA Node also travel to the atrioventricular node which is also known as the AV node. The AV node is located on the floor of the right atrium near the interatrial septum

Front 26

Bundle of His (HISS)

Back 26

is a group of fibers located within the inter ventricular septum. These fibers carry an electrical impulse to ensure the sequence of the heart contractions

Front 27

Purkinje Fibers

Back 27

are specialized conductive fibers located within the walls of the ventricles

Front 28

Arteries

Back 28

Are large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to all regions of the body

Front 29

Aorta

Back 29

is the largest blood vessel in the body. It begins from the left ventricle of the heart and forms the main trunk of the arterial system

Front 30

Carotid arteries

Back 30

are the major arteries that carry blood upward to the head

Front 31

Arterioles

Back 31

are the smaller, thinner branches of arteries that deliver blood to the capillaries.

Front 32

Capillaries

Back 32

which are only one epithelial cell in thickness, are the smallest blood vessels in the body

Front 33

Veins

Back 33

from a low-pressure collecting system to return oxygen-poor blood to the heart

Front 34

Venules

Back 34

are the smallest veins that join to form the larger veins

Front 35

Venae Cavae

Back 35

are the two largest veins in the body. These are the veins that return blood into the heart

Front 36

Pulse

Back 36

is the rhythmic pressure against the walls of an artery caused by the contraction of the heart

Front 37

Blood pressure

Back 37

is the measurement of the amount of systolic and diastolic pressure exerted against the walls of the arteries

Front 38

Systolic pressure

Back 38

which occurs when the ventricles contract, is the highest pressure against the walls of an artery

Front 39

Diatonic pressure

Back 39

which occurs when the ventricles are relaxed, is the lowest pressure against the walls of an artery

Front 40

Plasma

Back 40

is a straw-colored fluid that contains nutrients, hormones, and waste products

Front 41

Serum

Back 41

is plasma fluid after the blood cells and the clotting proteins have been removed

Front 42

Fibrinogen and prothrombin

Back 42

are the clotting proteins found in plasma. They have an important role in clot formation to control bleeding

Front 43

Erythrocytes

Back 43

also known as red blood cells (RBC) are mature red blood cells produced by the red bone marrow. The primary role of these cells is to transport oxygen to the tissues

Front 44

Hemoglobin

Back 44

which is the oxygen-carrying blood protein pigment of the erythrocytes

Front 45

Leukocytes

Back 45

also known as white blood cells (WBC), are the blood cells involved in defending the body against infective organisms and foreign substances.

Front 46

Neutrophils

Back 46

which are formed in red bone marrow, are the most common type of WBC. Through phagocytosis, neutrophils play a major role in the immune system's defense against pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi

Front 47

Basophils

Back 47

which are formed in red bone marrow, are the least common type of WBC. Basophils are responsible for causing the symptoms of allergies

Front 48

Eosinophils

Back 48

are formed in red bone marrow and then migrate to tissues throughout the body. Here these cells destroy parasitic organisms and play a major role in allergic reactions

Front 49

Lymphocytes

Back 49

are formed in red bone marrow, in lymph nodes, and in the spleen. Lymphocytes identify foreign substances and germs (bacteria or viruses) in the body and produce antibodies that specifically target them

Front 50

Monocytes

Back 50

are formed in red bone marrow, lymph nodes, and the spleen. through phagocytosis, monocytes provide immunological defenses against many infectious organisms.

Front 51

Thrombocytes

Back 51

which are also known as platelets, are the smallest formed elements of the blood. They play an important role in the clotting of blood.

Front 52

Blood Types

Back 52

are classified according to the presence or absence of certain antigens. Major blood types are A, AB, B, and O

Front 53

RH Factor

Back 53

defines the presence or absence of the Rh antigen on red blood cells. The Rh factor was so named because this antigen was first found in rhesus monkeys.

Front 54

Blood Gases

Back 54

are gases that are normally dissolved in the liquid portion of blood. Major blood gases are oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen

Front 55

Cardiologist

Back 55

is a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating abnormalities, diseases, and disorders of the heart

Front 56

Hematologist

Back 56

is a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating abnormalities, diseases, and disorders of the heart

Front 57

Vascular Surgeon

Back 57

is a physician who specializes in the diagnosis, medical management, and surgical treatment of disorders of the blood vessels.