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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The force exerted per unit of surface area. |
pressure (P)
(201) |
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A device used to measure atmospheric pressure. Most commonly, a tube open at one end, which is filled with mercury and inverted into a dish of mercury. |
barometer
(202) |
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A device used to measure the pressure of a gas in a laboratory experiment. |
manometer
(202) |
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The SI unit of pressure; |
1Pa - 1 N/m^2pascal (Pa)
(202) |
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The average atmospheric pressure measured at sea level and 0°C, defined as 1.01325 x 10^5 Pa. |
standard atmosphere (atm)
(203) |
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A unit of pressure based on the difference in the heights of mercury in a barometer or manometer. Renamed the torr in honor of Torricelli. |
millimeter of mercury (mmHg)
(203) |
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A unit of pressure identical to 1 mmHg |
torr
(203) |
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A hypothetical gas that exhibits linear relationships among volume, pressure, temperature and amount (mol) at all conditions; approximated by simple gases at ordinary conditions. |
ideal gas
(204) |
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The gas law stating that a constant temperature and amount of gas, the volume occupied by a gas is inversely proportional to the applied (external) pressure: V∝1/P |
Boyle's law
P₁V₁ = P₂V₂
(205) |
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The gas law stating that at constant pressure, the volume occupied by a fixed amount of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature: V ∝ T |
(207) |
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The gas law stating that, at fixed temperature and pressure, equal volumes of any ideal gas contain equal numbers of particles, and, therefore, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its amount (mol): V ∝ n |
Avogadro's law
V₁ / n₁ = V₂ / n₂
(208) |
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The reference conditions for a gas: 0°C (273.15 K) and 1 atm (760 torr) |
standard temperature and pressure (STP)
(209) |
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The volume of 1 mol of an ideal gas at standard temperature and pressure: |
standard molar volume
22.4141 L.
(209) |
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An equation that expresses the relationships among volume, pressure, temperature, and amount (mol) of an ideal gas: |
ideal gas law
PV = nRT
(209) |
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A proportionality constant that relates the energy, amount of substance, and temperature of a system; |
universal gas constant (R)
R = 8.31451 J/mol K
(209) |
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The portion of the total pressure contributed by a gas in a mixture of gases. |
partial pressure
(219) |
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A gas law stating that, in a mixture of unreacting gases, the total pressure in the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases: |
Dalton's law of partial pressures
P(total) = P₁ + P₁ + ... + P(n)
(219) |
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A concentration term expressed as the ratio of moles of one component of a mixture to the total moles present. |
mole fraction (x)
(219) |
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The model that explains gas behavior in terms of particles in random motion whose volumes and interactions are negligible. |
kinetic molecular theory
(224) |
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The speed of a molecule having the average kinetic energy; very close to the most probable speed. |
rms speed
(229) |
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The process by which a gas escapes from its container through a tiny hole into an evacuated space. |
effusion
(229) |
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A gas law stating that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its density (or molar mass): |
Graham's law of effusion
rate ∝ 1/sqrt(M)
(229) |
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The movement of one fluid through another. |
diffusion
(231) |
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The average distance a molecule travels between collisions at a given temperature of pressure. |
mean free path
(232) |
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The average number of collisions per second that a particle undergoes. |
collision frequency
(232) |
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The mixture of gases that extends from a planet's surface and eventually merges with outer space |
atmosphere
(233) |
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An equation that accounts for the behavior of real gases. |
van der Waals equation
(237) |
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Experimentally determined positive numbers used in the van der Waals equation to account for the intermolecular attractions and molecular volume of real gases. |
van der Waals constants
(237) |
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Common units of pressure - 203 |
Unit = Normal Atmospheric Pressure at Seal Level and 0°C:
pascal (Pa) = 1.01325 x 10^5 Pa kilopascal (kPa) = 101.325 kPa atmosphere (atm) = 1 atm millimeters of mercury (mmHg) = 760 mmHg torr = 760 torr
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