Chapter 5 Psy

Front 1

has there been a drop in fertility rate?

Back 1

YES, 1959: 3.93 children per woman , 2000: 1.49 children per woman, 2009: 1.7 children per woman

Front 2

Myth of motherhood ?

Back 2

follow social script, frames motherhood as aninstinct that can fulfill a woman in a way no otherexperience can, having a kid from each sex

Front 3

biological clock?

Back 3

unmarried women in their 30s and 40s choose to havechildren, some without a long‐term partner, if don't have kids whats the point?

Front 4

Reasons to have kids?

Back 4

social, personal, loving relationship, legacy.

Front 5

Structural functionalist reasons to have kids

Back 5

necessary function of families in perpetuating society. kids are pillars need them to continue on.

Front 6

Development approach reasons

Back 6

having kids is a developmental task, next step in life.

Front 7

conflict theory reasons

Back 7

social pressure tohave children reflects, How families with children have greater socialadvantages than those without

Front 8

systems theory reasons

Back 8

looks at how decisions to havechildren creates different subsystems thataffect family dynamic,

Front 9

ecological approach reasons

Back 9

looks at how wider socialcontext influences decisions to have children– Also determines experiences of families withchildren, societies impacts

Front 10

Symbolic interactionists reasons

Back 10

focus on personalreasons for not/having children

Front 11

feminist theory reasons

Back 11

child‐bearingas an issue reflecting women’s control overreproduction, what women think about kids in general

Front 12

The Canadian family is shrinking, how many kids must each family have to replace pop?

how long has Canada fertility rate been stable?

Back 12

2.1. stable since 1996 with 1.6 children

Front 13

what is total fertility rate?

Back 13

Average number of births per woman over courseof her reproductive life

Front 14

what is crude birth rate?

when did it drop and increase?

Back 14

The number of births per population, all women included

great depression and baby boom from 1946-1964

Front 15

what age are women having more kinds at then before?

Back 15

30s, used to be 20s, postponing doesn't make up for drop in fertility rate

Front 16

three ways meant to increase bith rate

Back 16

1. family allowance programs, benefits for kids under 16 (finacnial incentives)

2. encouraging immigration of people at child bearing age

3. providing conditions to increase young peoples confidence of their futures

Front 17

has teen pregnancy increased or decline?

Back 17

decline from 44% in 1996- 27% in 2006

Front 18

what does the decline of teen pregnancy reflect?

Back 18

-more effective contraceptive use

– greater access to reproductive health services– high‐quality sexual health education

– shift in social norms

Front 19

medical reasons for the shrinking of families:

Back 19

- less infant mortality since 1960, more kids surviving birth

-better contraceptives, and easy access to them. birth control pill since 1961

Front 20

changes in law and reasons for the shrinking of families:

Back 20

- birth control (sharpest decline in birth rate) and abortion legal (1988 decriminalization of abortion)

-sterilization after had enough kids

Front 21

economic reasons for the shrinking of families:

Back 21

-Shift from resource‐based economy to amanufacturing‐based one

-abortion and sterilization increase during hard times

-postpone kids until financially stable

-having kids is expensive (167,000 in 2004)

Front 22

psychosocial reasons for the shrinking of families: Value of Children (VOC) framework?

Back 22

a classification scheme thatincludes three satisfactions (or values) of children

– Instrumental assistance (help in old age)

– Rewarding interactions (companionship, love)

–Psychological appreciation (living through children)

-Also includes costs

– Financial costs (the cost of education)

– Child‐rearing demands (emotional strain and pregnancy)

– Restrictions on parents (being tied down)

– Costs to social relationships (marital strain)

Front 23

what % of people decide not to have kids? why?

Back 23

7-8%, damage relationships, don't want to sacrifice career, no partner, travel

Front 24

stigmas for not having children

Back 24

- people get involved in your business

-antisocial, or mental illness

-people consider you selfish, or your relationship looks unsatisfying

Front 25

what is Female feticide?

Back 25

-aborting a female fetus, often in china and India and here

-often used if already have girl kid

Front 26

what is Infanticide?

Back 26

- when a woman causes the death ofher newly born child

-often happens because want to hide pregnacy

-seen as the result of a mental disturbancefollowing childbirth

Front 27

what is foster care? how many kids use it?

Back 27

The provision of care by a family, other than aparent or guardian of a child, approved andarranged by a child welfare authority,

76 000 to 85 000 children are currently infoster care in Canada

Front 28

why do kids get put into foster care? and what kids are there most?

Back 28

-child could be placed their by choice or

-parents unfit

-child has behavioral problems

-abuse or neglect

- (often older children)

-aboriginal chidlren

special needs kids

Front 29

How are kids assigned foster homes?

Back 29

- foster families get backgrounds tests, try to match up cultural and racial backgrounds

Front 30

what is closed adoption?

Back 30

legal transfer of parental rights andobligations from birth parent/s to adoptive parent/s, bio parents cant regain custody. infor about birth parents sealed, bio parents cant find kid

Front 31

what is open adoption?

Back 31

A form of adoption where the adoptive parents and thebirth parents know each other and exchange information

Front 32

what is Aboriginal custom adoption?

Back 32

A privately arranged adoption between twofamilies within the Aboriginal community

– The goal is to ensure Aboriginal children are raisedin Aboriginal families to retain their language andcultural identities

Front 33

what is intercountry adoption?

Back 33

Process that recognizes an individual or couple as the legal andpermanent parent/s of a child from another country(many from china, korea, haiti, mostly girls) large increse from 1990's-2000's

Front 34

what is artificial insemination?

Back 34

The practice of using sperm from a donor tofertilize an egg

– Donor sperm is used when husband is infertile orcarries a genetic disorder

– Also used for unmarried women who wish to havechildren

Front 35

what is a surrogate?

Back 35

A woman who agrees to artificial insemination,usually for a fee, with a view to turning over theresulting child to the biological father and his wife

– Since 2004, surrogacy in Canada has beenregulated by the Assisted Human Reproduction Act

Front 36

what is In vitro fertilization (IVF)?

Back 36

The technique of fertilizing a woman’s eggs withher partner’s sperm in a lab dish, and later placingthe embryo(s) in her uterus

– Procedure usually used when fallopian tubesleading from woman’s ovaries are blocked , first seen in 1978

-One cycle of IVF costs between $7750 and $12 250

Front 37

concerns with genetic testing of embryos

Back 37

- Diagnosis of disabilities – Sex‐selection – Wished‐for characteristics