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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a "dictator"? |
a ruler with unrestricted power, absolutely no democracy |
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What is a "totalitarian state"? |
a dictatorship in which the government uses intimidation, violence, and propaganda to rule all aspects of the social and political life to its citizens |
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Where did totalitarian governments develop after WWI? |
Germany, Italy, Spain, Soviet Union, and differently in Japan |
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What are "five-year plans"? |
Stalin's plans for economic development in the Soviet Union over five years |
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Describe Stalin's direction of life in the Soviet Union after 1928. |
-He gained total control of the Soviet Union -five year plans to industrialize the country and give the government control of the economy -eliminated anyone he believed opposed the communist govt. |
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Define the term "fascist". |
a form of authoritarian government that is totalitarian and nationalistic |
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Who was Benito Mussolini? |
-founder of the Fascist party in Italy -emphasized nationalism and challenged Italy's democratic government |
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How did his Blackshirts treat his opponents? |
intimidated them by attacking communists and socialists in the streets: forcing castor oil down a victim's throat |
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How did he gain power? |
-promising to revitalize Italy and to restore Italian pride -used the Soviet Union as blueprint for his own plans to rule Italy -1922, led March on Rome along with 26000 Blackshirts and demanded for govt. to be turned over to him |
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What was the "Weimar Republic"? |
the democratic government in Germany after the First World War |
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Why did Germans distrust the "Weimar Republic"? |
it signed the Treaty of Versailles, which had added to the country's economic struggles after the war |
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What were "Nazis"? |
-members of the National Socialist German Workers' Party -extreme nationalists who took power in 1933 & controlled every aspect of German life through a police state |
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How was Adolf Hitler able to gain control of the German government in the 1930s? |
-became leader of the National Socialist German Workers' Party -gathered support by criticizing the Weimar Republic -persuaded Germans that he could save Germany from the Depression and make it a great nation again -became largest party in the Reichstag and became the chancellor of Germany |
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What actions did Hitler take after he gained control of the German government? |
-ruled his country through intimidation and fear -banned all political parties other than the Nazis and a secret police to enforce his rule -defied the terms of the Treaty of Versailles -subsided farmers and poured money into public projects |
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What did the Nazis define as a "Aryans"? |
people that were supposedly a "pure" race of northern Europeans, and that German people were a "master race" of Aryans |
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How did they view other peoples and those with whom they differed? |
Non-Ayrans - inferior mentally/physically disabled - despised (they destroyed the image of the master race) Communists & homosexuals - targeted as undesirables |
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What were "concentration camps"? |
camps set up by the Nazis to isolate the differed people from German society |
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What were the "Nuremberg Laws"? |
-forced Jewish people to wear the Star of David at all times -banned marriages between Jews and Aryans -made it illegal for Jewish people to be lawyers or doctors |
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What was "Kristallnacht"? |
a coordinated attack against Jewish people and their property carried out by Nazis in Germany - November 9, 1938 |
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What is "persecution"? |
to oppress/ill-treat because of race, gender, sexual orientation, or beliefs |
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How did persecution of Jewish people in Germany increase after Kristallnacht? |
more laws introduced that made it illegal for the Jewish to own businesses and restricted their travel |
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What was the "holocaust"? |
the Nazi imprisonment and murder of 6 million Jewish people and 5 million other peoples during the Second World War |
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Who were the "Mac Paps"? |
-the Mackenzie-Papineau Battalion -the 1200 Canadian volunteers that fought in the Spanish Civil War |
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Who were the "Nationalists" in the Spanish Civil War? |
fascist rebels led by General Francisco Franco that tried to overthrow the elected socialist government
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What was the Canadian response to the Spanish Civil War? |
the government passed a law that made it illegal for Canadians to fight in foreign wars |
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What countries actively supported Franco and his rebels? |
Hitler from Germany and Mussolini from Italy |
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Who was Francisco Franco? |
-Spain's Nationalist leader - overthrew the elected socialist government and became the ruler of Spain in 1939 -brutal totalitarian dictator who ruled by intimidation & violence |
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List some elements that Japan shared with the fascist countries of Europe. |
-a Gestapo-like police force -strong nationalist sentiments and notions of racial superiority -government loyal to a single leader, the emperor |
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What did the groups that took political control of Japan in the 1930s do with their new power? |
strengthened the empire by conquering other countries and seizing their resources |
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How were the totalitarian leaders of Japan and some European countries imperialistic? |
Had nationalistic ambitions to expand their territory and resources |
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How did France and Britain react to Hitler's occupation of the Rhineland and annexation of Austria? |
chose not to act, willing to make concessions to maintain peace, but their weakness made Hitler bolder |
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What was the "Munich Agreement"? |
-Hitler's promise to not invade the rest of Czechoslovakia in exchange for the Sudetenland -Britain announces that the Munich Agreement & their policy of appeasement would secure"peace for our time" |
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What is meant by "appeasement"? |
giving in to an aggressor's demands in the hopes that no more demands will be made |
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What was the outcome of British Prime Minister Chamberlain's policy of appeasement in Czechoslovakia? |
Hitler broke his promise six months later and invaded Czechoslovakia - the policy of appeasement had failed |
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What is a "non-aggression pact"? |
an agreement between two countries not to attack each other |
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Why did Hitler and Stalin sign one in August 1939? |
Hitler wanted to invade Poland, but the Soviet Union would likely see Germany as a threat to its own security, so Hitler signed a non-aggression pact with Joseph Stalin and pledged to not fight one another. Then Germany was free to make its move |
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Why was the League of Nations unable to fulfill its mandate to maintain peace? |
it was too weak and did not have a military to enforce its decisions |
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How did the League respond to the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931? |
condemned Japan's action and tried to negotiate |
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What was the response of Japan? |
-withdrew from the League and continued with its policy of aggression -expanded its invasion of China and the two countries were at war |
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How did the League of Nations respond to the 1935 Italian invasion of Abyssinia? |
-voted to impose trade sanctions against Italy -because oil, a crucial import for Italy, was not included in the sanctions, it was not very useful |
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What is meant by "isolationism"? |
the policy of remaining apart from the affairs of other countries |
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Why did PM King follow a policy of isolationism? |
-did not want Canada become involved in another world conflict -WWI divided Canada on the issue of conscription, & Canadians made significant sacrifices in overseas conflict -if he imposes conscription in this war, he would lose support in Quebec -Canada's economy was just starting to recover, and King did not want the country plunged back into debt |
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How did PM King perceive Adolph Hitler when he met him in 1937? |
had an appealing and affectionate look in his eyes: he is really one who truly loves his fellow-men |
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What are "refugees"? |
a person displaced from his/her home and territory by war and other acts of aggression |
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What is "anti-Semitism"? |
discrimination/hostility toward Jewish people |
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Describe the plight of the passengers aboard the S.S. St. Louis. |
-907 Jewish passengers aboard, desperately trying to escape persecution -their last hope was Canada, but the government refuse to let the St. Louis dock because they did not qualify for entry as immigrants -forced to return to Europe, and many of them later died in concentration camps during the Holocaust |
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How was Canada's entry into WWII different from its entry into WWI? |
Canada was automatically at war when Britain declared war in WWI, but in 1939, Canada was an autonomous country without this obligation. The decision to join the war to support Britain was a Canadian one, decided by Canada's Parliament |
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What assurance did PM King give Justice Minister Ernest Lapointe and the people of Quebec during the debate about whether or not to declare war on Germany? Why? |
PM King assured that they will "never agree to conscription and will never be members or supporters of a government that will try to enforce it." He assured this because everyone was conscious of how conscription had divided the country during the First World War |
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Which political leader argued against entering a war with Germany? Why? |
J.S. Woodsworth opposed entering war because he believed that nothing could be settled by war and tried to convince the government that Canada should remain neutral |
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Describe the state of Canada's armed forces on September 10, 1939. |
small & unfit for war: -4300 troops -few light tanks -no modern artillery -air force & navy were small with outdated equipment |
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Describe recruiting efforts in September 1939. |
-more than 58000 volunteers -initially rejected African-Canadian volunteers, but welcomed to join the regular army & officer corps as the war continued -Aboriginal peoples had the highest percentage of volunteers within their own population |
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What role did PM King prefer for Canada in the war? Why? |
supplies and training, rather than troops, so that he could avoid the issue of conscription |
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What was the "BCATP"? |
British Commonwealth Air Training Plan -program to train pilots and aircrew during WWII -produced half of all Commonwealth aircrew and is the largest air training program in history |
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Describe its scope. |
-trained more than 130000 pilots, navigators, flight engineers, and ground crew -cost more than $2.2 billion (Canada paid more than 70%) |
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What is meant by the term "total war"? |
the mobilization of the entire resources of a nation for war |
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What was CD Howe's role in Canada's war effort? |
-in charge of the Department of Munitions and Supply -told industries how & what to produce -did whatever it took to gear up the economy to meet wartime demands |
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What were "crown corporations"? |
businesses and industries owned by the Canadian government |
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Why did Howe create them? |
created them when the private sector could not produce what he wanted |
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What was the "Wartime Information Board"? |
board established in 1942 to coordinated wartime propaganda in Canada |
