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23 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Heredity

The passing of traits from parent to its offspring through genes

Trait

A characteristic that an organism can pass on

Genetics

The scientific study of heredity

Fertilization

The joining of a sperm and an egg

Purebred

The offspring of many generations that have the same traits

Gene

The set of information that controls a trait; a segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait

Alleles

The different forms of a gene

Dominant Allele

An allele whose traits always shows up in the organism when the allele is present

Recessive Allele

An allele whose masked when a dominant allele is present

Hybrid

An organism that has two different alleles for a trait; an organism that is heterozygous for a particular trait

Probability

A number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur

Punnett Square

A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross

Phenotype

An organism's physical appearance or visible traits

Genotype

An organism's genetic makeup or allele combinations

Homozygous

Having two identical alleles for a trait

Heterozygous

Having two different alleles for a trait

Codominance

A condition in which neither of two alleles

Sexual reproduction

A reproductive process that involves two parents that combine their genetic material to produce a new organism, which differs from both parents

Diploid

Describes a cell that has two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent

Meiosis

The process that occurs in the formation of sex cells (sperm and egg) by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half

Messenger RNA

RNA that copies the coded message from DNA in the nucleus and carries the message into the cytoplasm

Transfer RNA

RNA in the cytoplasm that carries an amino acid to the ribosome and adds it to the growing protein chain

Mutation

A change in a gene or chromosome