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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Heredity |
The passing of traits from parent to its offspring through genes |
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Trait |
A characteristic that an organism can pass on |
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Genetics |
The scientific study of heredity |
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Fertilization |
The joining of a sperm and an egg |
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Purebred |
The offspring of many generations that have the same traits |
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Gene |
The set of information that controls a trait; a segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait |
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Alleles |
The different forms of a gene |
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Dominant Allele |
An allele whose traits always shows up in the organism when the allele is present |
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Recessive Allele |
An allele whose masked when a dominant allele is present |
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Hybrid |
An organism that has two different alleles for a trait; an organism that is heterozygous for a particular trait |
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Probability |
A number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur
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Punnett Square |
A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross |
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Phenotype |
An organism's physical appearance or visible traits |
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Genotype |
An organism's genetic makeup or allele combinations |
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Homozygous |
Having two identical alleles for a trait |
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Heterozygous |
Having two different alleles for a trait |
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Codominance |
A condition in which neither of two alleles |
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Sexual reproduction |
A reproductive process that involves two parents that combine their genetic material to produce a new organism, which differs from both parents |
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Diploid |
Describes a cell that has two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent |
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Meiosis |
The process that occurs in the formation of sex cells (sperm and egg) by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half |
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Messenger RNA |
RNA that copies the coded message from DNA in the nucleus and carries the message into the cytoplasm |
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Transfer RNA |
RNA in the cytoplasm that carries an amino acid to the ribosome and adds it to the growing protein chain |
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Mutation |
A change in a gene or chromosome |