Chapter 5 Growth And Measurement Flashcards

Front 1

What two hypothalamic hormones control growth hormone secretion?

Back 1

Somatostatin (inhibits) GHRH (stimulates)

Front 2

Growth hormone needs what hormone to stimulate muscle and skeletal growth?

Back 2

IGF I

Front 3

Where is IGF I produced?

Back 3

the liver

Front 4

Hormone that informs CNS that adequate nutritional status and body fat mass are present to support pubertal changes and growth?

Back 4

leptin

Front 5

Hormone that enhances muscular development, sexual maturation, and promotes bone maturation and epiphyseal closure

Back 5

Testosterone

Front 6

Hormone that stimulates the development of female secondary sexual characteristics, linear growth by acceleration of skeletal maturation, and epiphyseal fusion

Back 6

Estrogen

Front 7

Androgens secreted by what tissue promote masculinization of the secondary sex characteristics and skeletal maturation?

Back 7

adrenal glands

Front 8

Stature is stationary between the ages of _____ and ____ before it begins to decline

Back 8

30 and 50

Front 9

Mean age of epiphyseal closure in males

Back 9

17. 5 years

Front 10

Mean age of epiphyseal closure in females

Back 10

14.5 years

Front 11

Skeletal growth continues until

Back 11

30 years of age

Front 12

By ______ years of age lymphatic tissues reach adult dimensions

Back 12

6 years of age

Front 13

By age _____ lymphatic tissues are at their peak, about double adult size

Back 13

10 - 12 years

Front 14

Most rapid and critical period of brain growth occurs between ______ and ______

Back 14

conception and 2 years of age.

Front 15

When are most of the neurons present in a human?

Back 15

18 - 20 weeks of gestation

Front 16

When are two thirds of the brain cells of a human present?

Back 16

at birth

Front 17

80% of brain growth is complete by what age?

Back 17

2 years

Front 18

Brain growth continues until about what age?

Back 18

12 to 15 years

Front 19

The head of an adolescent increases because of the development of what structures?

Back 19

air sinuses and thickening of scalp and skull

Front 20

New brain cell development is complete by what age?

Back 20

10 months

Front 21

Growth of the head predominates during which growth period?

Back 21

fetal

Front 22

When does fetal weight reach its peak?

Back 22

during the 3rd trimester (increase in organ size)

Front 23

During infancy the growth of________ predominates

Back 23

the trunk

Front 24

What part of the body is the fastest growing during childhood?

Back 24

the legs

Front 25

50% of an individual's ideal weight is gained during which growth period?

Back 25

adolescence

Front 26

Of adults who become obese ____ % are obese during childhood and _____ % are obese during adolescence

Back 26

30% and 70%

Front 27

During pregnancy the growing fetus accounts for only ____ to ____ pounds of total weight gained?

Back 27

5 - 10 pounds

Front 28

Rate of weight gain during pregnancy is slow during which trimester?

Back 28

the first

Front 29

Rate of weight gain during pregnancy is rapid during which trimester?

Back 29

the third

Front 30

What accounts for most of the weight gained in the first and second trimesters?

Back 30

maternal tissue growth

Front 31

What accounts for weight gained during the third trimester?

Back 31

Fetal growth

Front 32

Why do pregnant adolescents younger than 16, or less than 2 years after menarche, require higher weight gains during pregnancy to achieve an optimal infant birth weight?

Back 32

Those adolescents may still be in their growth spurt.

Front 33

Highly Sensitive period for neural tube defects and mental retardation?

Back 33

weeks 3 - 16 weeks

Front 34

Highly sensitive period for development of TA, ASD, and VSD?

Back 34

3 weeks - 7 weeks

Front 35

Highly sensitive period for development of Amelia/Mromelia?

Back 35

4 weeks to 6 weeks

Front 36

Highly sensitive period for low set malformed ears and deafness?

Back 36

4 weeks to 9 weeks

Front 37

Highly sensitive period for cleft lip?

Back 37

5 weeks to 7 weeks

Front 38

Highly sensitive period for microphthalmia, cataracts, and glaucoma?

Back 38

4 weeks to 8 weeks

Front 39

Highly sensitive period for enamel hypoplasia and staining?

Back 39

end of 6th week to 8 weeks

Front 40

Highly sensitive period for development of cleft palate?

Back 40

end of 6th week to beginning of 9th week

Front 41

Highly sensitive period for masculinization of female genitalia?

Back 41

mid 7th week to mid 9th week

Front 42

What causes the stature decline in older adults beginning at age 50?

Back 42

thinning of the intervertebral disks

Front 43

Correct way to measure standing height using scale?

Back 43

Have patient stand erect with back to scale, pull up height attachment to patient's crown

Front 44

Wrist circumference ratio

Back 44

patient's height in centimeters divided by wrist circumference in centimeters

Front 45

Male wrist circumference ratio of > 10.4

Back 45

small body frame

Front 46

Male wrist circumference ratio of > 10.4 - 9.6

Back 46

medium body frame

Front 47

Male wrist circumference ratio of < 9.6

Back 47

large body frame

Front 48

Female wrist circumference ratio of > 10.9

Back 48

small body frame

Front 49

Female wrist circumference ratio of > 10.9 - 9.9

Back 49

medium body frame

Front 50

Female wrist circumference ratio of < 9.9

Back 50

large body frame

Front 51

Percentage of Americans overweight?

Back 51

65% are overweight

Front 52

Percentage of Americans obese?

Back 52

30% are obese

Front 53

Percentage of Americans extremely obese?

Back 53

5% are extremely obese

Front 54

Measure of fat distribution by body type

Back 54

waist to hip circumference ratio

Front 55

Excess proportion of trunk and abdominal fat has higher risk association with what?

Back 55

diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, stroke, ischemic heart disease

Front 56

When measuring the waist measure ?

Back 56

the midpoint between the costal margin and the iliac crest

Front 57

When measuring the hip measure ?

Back 57

Widest part of the gluteal region

Front 58

Waist to hip circumference ratio greater than ___ in men or _____ in women indicates increased risk of diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, stroke, and ischemic heart disease

Back 58

1 in men and .85 in women

Front 59

Approximately ____ % of fat is subcutaneous?

Back 59

50% of fat is subcutaneous

Front 60

Babies with a larger birth weight than older siblings, at 10 pounds or greater, are at risk for what?

Back 60

acute lymphatic leukemia

Front 61

Recumbent length is measurement of choice for infants what ages?

Back 61

between 24 and 36 months

Front 62

Length increases by _____ % in the first year of life

Back 62

Length increases by 50%

Front 63

How often should you measure the infant's head circumference?

Back 63

at every health visit until 2 years of age, then yearly until 6 years of age

Front 64

Expected head circumferences for term newborns?

Back 64

32.5 - 37.5 cm

Front 65

A head circumference increasing rapidly and rising above percentile curves suggests?

Back 65

increased intracranial pressure

Front 66

At age 2 yrs a child's head circumference is _____ its adult size

Back 66

two-thirds

Front 67

Newborn's head circumference may equal or exceed the chest circumference by 2 cm for the first _____ of age?

Back 67

5 months

Front 68

Between the ages of 5 months and 2 years what is the relationship between the chest circumference and head circumference of an infant?

Back 68

about equal

Front 69

When should chest circumference exceed the head circumference?

Back 69

after 2 years of age

Front 70

Method of determining gestational age?

Back 70

number of completed weeks between the first day of mother's last menstrual period and date of birth

Front 71

Gestational ages of _____ - ______ are considered term

Back 71

37 weeks - 41 weeks

Front 72

An infant between the 10th and 90th percentiles is considered?

Back 72

appropriate for gestational age

Front 73

Children who have a weight for stature greater than the _____ percentile should be assessed with triceps skin fold thickness measurement

Back 73

90th percentile

Front 74

Formula for upper - lower segment ratio?

Back 74

(total height - lower segment measurement) divided by lower segment measurement

Front 75

How do you measure the lower segment?

Back 75

measure the distance from the symphysis pubis to floor

Front 76

Proper way to measure arm span?

Back 76

Distance from middle finger tip of one hand to that of the other hand.

Front 77

Arm span should equal a child's _____

Back 77

height

Front 78

Arm span that exceeds height is associated with what?

Back 78

Marfan Syndrome

Front 79

Tanner stage when dark curly pubic hair is first noticed on males?

Back 79

P3 tanner 3

Front 80

Tanner stage in which pubic hair is adult in type but does not pass inguinal fold?

Back 80

P4 tanner 4

Front 81

Tanner stage in which pubic hair is in adult distribution but does not spread upward?

Back 81

P5 tanner 5

Front 82

Peak height velocity occurs approximately how long before menarche in females?

Back 82

1 year

Front 83

Ejaculation generally occurs at SMR _____

Back 83

SMR 3

Front 84

Semen appears in ejaculate between SMR _____ and _____

Back 84

Between SMR 3 and 4

Front 85

Women with BMI of 19.8 - 26 should gain how much weight during pregnancy?

Back 85

25 - 30 pounds

Front 86

Women with BMI of 26.1 - 29 should gain how much weight during pregnancy?

Back 86

15 - 25 pounds

Front 87

Women who are obese should gain how much weight during pregnancy?

Back 87

15 pounds

Front 88

Underweight women should gain _____ pounds during the 1st trimester?

Back 88

5 pounds

Front 89

Overweight women should gain ____ pounds during 1st trimester?

Back 89

2 pounds

Front 90

Women with a twin pregnancy are recommended to gain how much weight during pregnancy?

Back 90

35 - 45 pounds

Front 91

Women with a triplet pregnancy are recommended to gain how much weight during pregnancy?

Back 91

50 pounds

Front 92

Gradual marked enlargement and elongation of bones of the face, jaw, and extremities are indicative of?

Back 92

Acromegaly

Front 93

Woman complains of facial feature changes and massive feet with no change in height over the last 7 years. Dx?

Back 93

Acromegaly

Front 94

Man comes in with muscle weakness, hyperpigmentation, fragile skin. He has centripetal obesity and an abdomen covered with striae. Dx?

Back 94

cushing syndrome

Front 95

An infant with an enlarging head, bulging fontanels and setting sun eyes is brought to your office. Dx?

Back 95

hydrocephalus

Front 96

A child is brought in with short, curved arms and longs. A long narrow trunk, midfacial hypoplasia and a prominent forehead. On exam you discover hypotonia secondary to what you think is spinal canal stenosis. Dx?

Back 96

Acondroplasia

Front 97

A child who was of normal size and weight at birth is brought in by his father because the child is growing slower than expected. At one year of age this child is several standard deviations below the mean for length and height. Dx?

Back 97

hypopituitary dwarfism

Front 98

A young woman comes in for a check up before her sophomore year of high school. On exam you notice a webbed neck, low posterior hairline, small mandible, epicanthal folds, high arched palate, and an increased carrying angle of the elbow. Remainder of exam unremarkable. Absence of what is caused these findings?

Back 98

absence of second X chromosome (Turner Syndrome)