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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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deformation
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the bending tilting and breaking of the earth's crust
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Isostasy
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forces like crust pressing down or up on the mantle. these two forces are called isostasy
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isostatic adjustment
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the up down movement of the crust to reach isostasy
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stress
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is a force that causes pressure in the rocks of the crust
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strain
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is a change in the shape or volume of rocks that results from stress of being squeezed, twisted, or pulled apart
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compression
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occurs when crustal rocks are squeezed together
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tension
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is the force that pulls rocks apart
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shearing
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pushes rocks in opposite horizontal directions
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folding
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is most easily observed where flat layers of rock are under severe compression and are squeezed inward from the sides
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Anticline
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are up curved folds in the layers
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syncline
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are down curved folds
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Monoclines
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are gently dipping bends in horizontal rock layers
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Fracture
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when there is no movement in the rocks along either side of a break
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Faults
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When rocks move
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Normal Faults
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is a steep angle or almost vertical
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Fault plane
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the surface of a fault
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hanging wall
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the above the normal fault plane
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footing wall
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below the normal fault plane
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reverse fault
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a reverse fault occurs when compression causes the hanging wall to move up relative to the foot wall.
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Thrust Fault
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is a special type of reverse fault
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Strike-slip fault
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the rock on either side of the plane slides horizontally. it normally forms a transform fault boundary.
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