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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Into what form is mechanical energy converted when two materials rub against each other and create friction?
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Heat
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A large fire burning in the open can generate a column of heated gases and smoke that rises high into the air. What is this called?
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A plume
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A fire involving combustible cooking oils and fats in kitchens are classified as?
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Class K
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What is it called when all the combustibles in a room become fully ignited?
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Flashover
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What is the explosion called that occurs when oxygen is suddenly admitted to a confined area that is very hot and contains large amounts of combustible vapors and smoke?
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Backdraft
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Though not itself toxic, carbon dioxide can still injure people. How?
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By displacing oxygen
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How long, if at all, can a fire fighter in full protective gear survive flashover?
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Just a few seconds
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What kind of substance will expand indefinitely and assume the shape of the container that holds it?
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A gas
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In an enclosed room with a fire in it, where are the highest temperatures
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At the ceiling
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What is the starting point of a fire called?
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The ignition phase
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accord to recent statistics from the U.S. Fire Administration, an average of _____ Americans lose their lives each year in the United States.
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4,400
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Wood is a solid, gasoline is a liquid, and propane is a gas but they all _____
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burn
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In the ________, distance is measured in (feet and Inches), Liquid volume is measured in (gallons), temperature is measured in (degrees Fahrenheit) and pressure is measured in (pound per square inch)
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British system
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In the _______, distance is measured in (meters), liquid volume is measured in (liters), temperature is measured in (degrees Celsius), and pressure is measured in (pascal or kilopascals)
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Metric System
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Fires also injure __________ people each year in the United States
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25,100 people
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One characteristic of a solid is its ability to expand when _____ and to contract when cooled
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heated
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Most liquid contract when cooled and _________ when heated
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expand
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The mixture of gases in air maintains a constant composition---___ percent oxygen, ___ percent nitrogen and __ percent carbon dioxide
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21 percent oxygen
78 percent nitrogen 1 percent carbon dioxide |
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Energy exist in the following forms: ________, _________,_________,________, or _________
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mechanical, chemical, electrical, light, or nuclear
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Light energy is caused by electromagnetic waves packaged in discrete bundles called _______
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photons
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Another way of visualizing all four conditions needed for a fire is the ____________
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fire tetragedron
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Fire grow and spread by three primarty mechanism ___________, _________, __________
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conduction, convection, and radiation
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Methods of Extinguishment
________ the burning material _________ oxygen from the fire removing ________ from the fire and inturupting the ___________ with a flame inhibitor |
cooling, excluding oxygen, removing fuel, and inturupting the chemical chain reaction
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The most commonly used to extinguish fires is to __________ the burning material
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cool
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The method most commonly used to extinguish a ________ fire is to cool the fuel with water to a temperature that is below the ignition temperature
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Class A
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These fires can be extinguished by shutting off the supply of fuel or by using foam to exclude oxygen from the fuel
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Class B Fires
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Once the power is cut to a ________ fire, the fire can be treated as a Class A or Class B fire depending on thetype of material that is burning
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Class C Fires
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Solid-fuel fires progress through four phases: the _________, _________, _________, and ________
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ignition phase
growth phase fully developed phase decay phase |
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_________ is the final stage in the process of fire growth
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Flashover
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The critical temperature for a flashover to occur is approximately __________
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1000 Fahrenheit
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Firefighters even with full P.P.E. cannot survive for more than a ___________ in a flashover
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few seconds
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In _________ Flames can move at speed of 10 to 15 feet per second
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Flameover
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___________ take up many times more space than the same amount of liquid water
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Steam
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___________ require a "closed box"--that is a room or building that has a limited supply of oxygen
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backdraft
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Signs and symptoms of an impending backdraft include the following:
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1) Any confined fire with a large heat build-up
2) Little visible flame from the exterior of hte building 3) A "living fire" smoke puffing from the building that looks like it is breathing 4) Smoke that seems to be pressurized 5) Smoke-stained windows 6) Turbulent smoke 7) Ugly yellowish smoke |
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Fire fighters should ensure that the superheated fire gases are vented from the top of the fire room before or at the same time as additional oxygen is introduce into the fire room.
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Backdraft
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Three conditions must be present for a vapor and air mixture to ignite
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1) The fuel and air must be present at a concentration within a flammable range
2) There must be an ignition source with enough energy to start ignition 3) The ignition source and the fuel mixture must make contact for long enough to transfer the energy to the air--fuel mixture. |
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Two additional terms are used to describe the flammability of liquid ___________ and __________
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flashpoint
flamepoint or firepoint |
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If too much fuel is present in the mixture, there will not be enough oxygen to support the combustion process: if too little fuel is present in the mixture there will not bbe enough fuel to support combustion process
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Flammability Limits
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The key to preventing _________ is to cool the top of the tank which contains the vapor
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BLEVE
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Being able to read smoke enables firefighter the ability to __________
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predict where the fire is
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_______ is composed of three major components: particles, vapors (aerosols), and gases.
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Smoke
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The best place to observe smoke is from the _________ of the building
Compare the smoke coming out of openings in different parts of the building |
outside
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The first step in reading smoke is for the fire fighter to consider the four attributes of the smoke
1)__________ 2)__________ 3)__________ 4)__________ |
smoke volume
smoke velocity smoke density smoke color also (size the building, layout, and characteristic of the building may change the appearance.) |
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How do you differentiate between white smoke caused by early heating and white smoke from a hot fire that has traveled a distance?
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White smoke that is lazy or slow indicates early heating.
White smoke that has its own pressure indicates smoke from a hot fire that has traveled for some distance |
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Black fire is so hot (up to _______) that it produces as much destruction as flames would
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10000 Fahrenheit
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If smoke exits through the top half of the door and clean air enters through the bottom half of the opening, THEN the fire is probably on the same level
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Smoke reading through a door
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If smoke rises and the opening clears out, fresh air is being pulled into the building. This indicates the fire is probably above the level of the opening
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Smoke reading through a door
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If smoke thins when the door is opened, but smoke still fills the door, the fire is probably bnelow the level of the opening
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Smoke reading through a door
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The actual material that is consumed by a fire is
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fuel
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An important factor when looking at a solid fuel is the
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surface to mass ratio
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The amount of oxygen required for combustion depends on the:
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chemical composition of the fuel
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The total quantity of all of the combustible products that are within a _________
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fuel load
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What type of oxidation is combustion?
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Rapid
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Gasoline has a vapor density:_________
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equal to 1
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