Chapter 5 Fa New

Front 1

The smallest particle of an element, which can exist alone or in combination.

Back 1

Atom

Front 2

The sudden explosive ignition of fire gases when oxygen is introduced into a superheated space previously deprived of oxygen

Back 2

backdraft

Front 3

A hot, high-volume, high-velocity, turbulent, ultra-dense black smoke that indicates an impending flashover or autoignition.

Back 3

Black fire

Front 4

An explosion that occurs when a tank containing a volatile liquid is heated

Back 4

Boiling liquid, expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE)

Front 5

A burning building.

Back 5

Box

Front 6

Energy that is created or released by the combination or decomposition of chemical compounds

Back 6

Chemical energy

Front 7

Fires involving ordinary combustible materials, such as wood, cloth, paper, rubber, and many plastics.

Back 7

Class A fires

Front 8

Fires involving flammable and combustible liquids, oils, greases, tars, oil-based paints, lacquers, and flammable gases.

Back 8

Class B fires

Front 9

Fires that involve energized electrical equipment, where the electrical conductivity of the extinguishing media is of importance.

Back 9

Class C fires

Front 10

Fires involving combustible metals such as magnesium, titanium, zirconium, sodium, and potassium.

Back 10

Class D fires

Front 11

-- Fires involving combustible cooking media such as vegetable oils, animal oils, and fats.

Back 11

Class K fires

Front 12

A chemical process of oxidation that occurs at a rate fast enough to produce heat and usually light in the form of either a glow or flames.

Back 12

Combustion

Front 13

Heat transfer to another body or within a body by direct contact.

Back 13

Conduction

Front 14

Heat transfer to another body or within a body by direct contact.

Back 14

Conduction

Front 15

Heat transfer by circulation within a medium such as a gas or a liquid

Back 15

Convection

Front 16

Heat transfer by circulation within a medium such as a gas or a liquid

Back 16

Convection

Front 17

The phase of fire development in which the fire has consumed either the available fuel or oxygen and is starting to die down.

Back 17

Decay phase

Front 18

The phase of fire development in which the fire has consumed either the available fuel or oxygen and is starting to die down.

Back 18

Decay phase

Front 19

Heat that is produced by electricity

Back 19

Electrical energy

Front 20

Reactions that absorb heat or require heat to be added.

Back 20

Endothermic

Front 21

Heat that is produced by electricity

Back 21

Electrical energy

Front 22

Heat transfer to another body or within a body by direct contact.

Back 22

Conduction

Front 23

Reactions that absorb heat or require heat to be added.

Back 23

Endothermic

Front 24

Heat transfer by circulation within a medium such as a gas or a liquid

Back 24

Convection

Front 25

The phase of fire development in which the fire has consumed either the available fuel or oxygen and is starting to die down.

Back 25

Decay phase

Front 26

Heat that is produced by electricity

Back 26

Electrical energy

Front 27

Reactions that absorb heat or require heat to be added.

Back 27

Endothermic

Front 28

Reactions that result in the release of energy in the form of heat.

Back 28

Exothermic

Front 29

A rapid, persistent chemical reaction that releases both heat and light.

Back 29

Fire

Front 30

A geometric shape used to depict the four components required for a fire to occur: fuel, oxygen, heat, and chemical chain reactions

Back 30

Fire tetrahedron

Front 31

A geometric shape used to depict the three components of which a fire is composed: fuel, oxygen, and heat.

Back 31

Fire triangle

Front 32

The lowest temperature at which a substance releases enough vapors to ignite and sustain combustion.

Back 32

Flame point (fire point)

Front 33

The lowest temperature at which a substance releases enough vapors to ignite and sustain combustion

Back 33

Flame point (fire point)

Front 34

A condition in which unburned products of combustion from a fire have accumulated in the ceiling layer of gas to a sufficient concentration (i.e., at or above the lower flammable limit) such that they ignite momentarily.

Back 34

Flameover (rollover)

Front 35

All combustible materials. The actual material that is being consumed by a fire, allowing the fire to take place.

Back 35

Fuel

Front 36

The lowest temperature at which a substance releases enough vapors to ignite and sustain combustion

Back 36

Flame point (fire point)

Front 37

The phase of fire development in which the fire is free-burning and consuming much of the fuel.

Back 37

Fully developed phase

Front 38

One of the three phases of matter. A substance that will expand indefinitely and assume the shape of the container that holds it.

Back 38

Gas

Front 39

A condition in which unburned products of combustion from a fire have accumulated in the ceiling layer of gas to a sufficient concentration (i.e., at or above the lower flammable limit) such that they ignite momentarily.

Back 39

Flameover (rollover)

Front 40

All combustible materials. The actual material that is being consumed by a fire, allowing the fire to take place.

Back 40

Fuel

Front 41

The phase of fire development in which the fire is free-burning and consuming much of the fuel.

Back 41

Fully developed phase

Front 42

One of the three phases of matter. A substance that will expand indefinitely and assume the shape of the container that holds it.

Back 42

Gas

Front 43

The lowest temperature at which a substance releases enough vapors to ignite and sustain combustion

Back 43

Flame point (fire point)

Front 44

A condition in which unburned products of combustion from a fire have accumulated in the ceiling layer of gas to a sufficient concentration (i.e., at or above the lower flammable limit) such that they ignite momentarily.

Back 44

Flameover (rollover)

Front 45

All combustible materials. The actual material that is being consumed by a fire, allowing the fire to take place.

Back 45

Fuel

Front 46

The phase of fire development in which the fire is free-burning and consuming much of the fuel.

Back 46

Fully developed phase

Front 47

The lowest temperature at which a substance releases enough vapors to ignite and sustain combustion

Back 47

Flame point (fire point)

Front 48

One of the three phases of matter. A substance that will expand indefinitely and assume the shape of the container that holds it.

Back 48

Gas

Front 49

A condition in which unburned products of combustion from a fire have accumulated in the ceiling layer of gas to a sufficient concentration (i.e., at or above the lower flammable limit) such that they ignite momentarily.

Back 49

Flameover (rollover)

Front 50

All combustible materials. The actual material that is being consumed by a fire, allowing the fire to take place.

Back 50

Fuel

Front 51

The phase of fire development in which the fire is free-burning and consuming much of the fuel.

Back 51

Fully developed phase

Front 52

One of the three phases of matter. A substance that will expand indefinitely and assume the shape of the container that holds it.

Back 52

Gas

Front 53

The phase of fire development in which the fire is spreading beyond the point of origin and beginning to involve other fuels in the immediate area.

Back 53

Growth phase

Front 54

A state of inadequate oxygenation of the blood and tissue

Back 54

Hypoxia

Front 55

The phase of fire development in which the fire is limited to the immediate point of origin.

Back 55

Ignition phase

Front 56

The minimum temperature at which a fuel, when heated, will ignite in air and continue to burn.

Back 56

Ignition temperature

Front 57

Smooth or streamlined movement of smoke. It indicates that the pressure in the building is not excessively high.

Back 57

Laminar smoke flow

Front 58

One of the three phases of matter. A nongaseous substance that is composed of molecules that move and flow freely and that assumes the shape of the container that holds it

Back 58

Liquid

Front 59

The minimum amount of gaseous fuel that must be present in the air for the air/fuel mixture to be flammable or explosive

Back 59

Lower flammable limit (LFL)

Front 60

Made up of atoms and molecules

Back 60

Matter

Front 61

Heat that is created by friction.

Back 61

Mechanical energy

Front 62

-- A chemical reaction initiated by combining an element with oxygen, resulting in the formation of the element or one of its compounds

Back 62

Oxidation

Front 63

The column of hot gases, flames, and smoke that rises above a fire. Also called a convection column, thermal updraft, or thermal column.

Back 63

Plume

Front 64

The column of hot gases, flames, and smoke that rises above a fire. Also called a convection column, thermal updraft, or thermal column.

Back 64

Pyrolysis

Front 65

The combined process of emission, transmission, and absorption of energy traveling by electromagnetic wave propagation between a region of higher temperature and a region of lower temperature

Back 65

Radiation

Front 66

An airborne particulate product of incomplete combustion that is suspended in gases, vapors, or solid or liquid aerosols

Back 66

Smoke

Front 67

The attribute of smoke that reflects the stage of burning of a fire.

Back 67

Smoke color

Front 68

The thickness of the smoke. Because it has a high mass per unit volume, smoke is hard to see through.

Back 68

Smoke density

Front 69

The speed of the smoke leaving a burning building.

Back 69

Smoke velocity

Front 70

The quantity of smoke, which indicates how much fuel is being heated.

Back 70

Smoke volume

Front 71

One of the three phases of matter. A substance that has three dimensions and is firm in substance.

Back 71

Solid

Front 72

A cylindrical area above a fire in which heated air and gases rise and travel upward

Back 72

Thermal column

Front 73

The stratification (heat layers) that occurs in a room as a result of a fire.

Back 73

Thermal layering

Front 74

How heat transfers to other objects

Back 74

Thermal radiation

Front 75

Agitated, boiling, angry-movement smoke, which indicates great heat in the burning building. It is a precursor to flashover

Back 75

Turbulent smoke flow

Front 76

The maximum amount of gaseous fuel that can be present in the air for the air/fuel mixture to be flammable or explosive

Back 76

Upper flammable limit (UFL)

Front 77

The weight of an airborne concentration (vapor or gas) as compared to an equal volume of dry air.

Back 77

Vapor density

Front 78

The ability of a substance to produce combustible vapors.

Back 78

Volatility