Chapter 5 Essentials Of Sociology

Front 1

Groups

Back 1

People who think of themselves as belonging together and who interact with one another; are the essence of life in society.

Front 2

Aggregated Groups

Back 2

Consists temporarily share the same physical space but who do not see themselves belonging together.

Example: Shoppers at Line waiting.

Front 3

Category

Back 3

Statistic; It consits of people who share similar characteristics, such as all college women wear glasses, or men over 6 feet all. An outstanding trait.

Front 4

Primary Groups

Back 4

Intimate, Face to face interactions, they give us identity, a feeling of who we are.

Front 5

Secondary Groups

Back 5

Larger, more anonymous and more formal and impersonal. Shared interests, activities. Example: College class, Sport, Work.

Often fails to satisfy intimate associated, often broken down to primary groups.

Front 6

Voluntary Association

Back 6

Groups made up of volunteers

Example: Boys and Girls Scouts, Chamer of Commerce,

In-Town: Roman Catholic,

Front 7

Inner Circle

Back 7

Small groups maintain control over the entire organization.

Front 8

Oligarchy

Back 8

Many are rules by few

Front 9

The Iron Law of Oligarchy

Back 9

Refer to how organizations come to be dominated by a small, self perpetuating elite

Front 10

In Groups

Back 10

Groups towards we feel loyal

Front 11

Out Groups

Back 11

Groups towards which we feel antagonism-- Active hostility or oppisition.

Example: Nazi: Jews where out groups.

Front 12

Antagonism

Back 12

Active hostility or opposition.

Front 13

Reference Groups

Back 13

The groups we refer to when we evaluate ourselfs. May include Family, teachers, Neigbors

Front 14

Social Network

Back 14

People who are linked to one another. Example: Family, friends, etc

Front 15

Clique

Back 15

Clustrs within a group, or internal factions

Front 16

6 Degrees of seperation

Back 16

Expresses on average, everyone in the USA is seperated by just 6 individuals

Front 17

Bureaucracies

Back 17

A type of organization that was just emerging and that has since become dominate in social life: Example:; Russian army, US Post Office

Front 18

Characteristics of Bureauracies

Back 18

1.) Clear Levels

2.) Division of Labor

3.) Writting Rules

4.) Written Communication and Records

5.) Impersonality and Replaceability

Front 19

Rationalization of Society

Back 19

Meaning that Bureaucracies, with their rules and emphasis on results, would increasingly dominate over lives

Front 20

Goal Displacement

Back 20

Even after the goal is acheived, it is displaced with another goal and continues.

Front 21

Dysfunctions of Bureauracies

Back 21

Alienation

Red Tape

Peter Principle

Front 22

Alienation

Back 22

Wowkers being cut off from the finishing product of their labor. Many workers begin to feel more like objectives than people

Front 23

Red Tape

Back 23

A rule is a rule

Front 24

Peter Principle

Back 24

Each employee of Bureauracies is promoted to his/her level of incompetence-- inability to do something successfully; ineptitude

Front 25

Self Fulfilling Stereotypes and Promotions

Back 25

Companies/Corps. will give more advantages and challenges to people who share some characteristics of boss and put them on a fast track position

Front 26

Corporate Culture

Back 26

These stereotypes and their powerful effects on workers remain hidden to everyone, even the bosses

Front 27

Group Dynamics

Back 27

How groups influence us and we influce Groups

Front 28

Small Groups

Back 28

Small enough that all members can interact with one another

Front 29

Dyad

Back 29

Smallest possible group; two people

Front 30

Triad

Back 30

A group of 3 people

Front 31

Coalitions

Back 31

Two group members aligning themselves against one.

Front 32

Leaders

Back 32

People who influence the behaviors, opinions, or attitudes of others.

Front 33

Instrumental Leader

Back 33

Trys to keep the group moving foward to its goals

Front 34

Expressive Leader

Back 34

Usually is not recongized as a leader. These leaders crack jokes, show sympathy to help a groups morals.

Front 35

Leadership Styles

Back 35

Ways of expressing yourself as a leader

Front 36

Authoritarian Leader

Back 36

One who gives orders.

Front 37

Democratic Leader

Back 37

One who trys to gian consensus-- General Agreement.

Front 38

Laissez-Faire Leader

Back 38

One who is highly permissive; Freedom of behavior

Front 39

GroupThink

Back 39

Collective tunnel vision that group members somtimes develope.

Front 40

Stanley Theory

Back 40

The Small World Phenomenon

Front 41

Diffusion of Responsability

Back 41

As groups grow larger, they tend to break into smaller groups, people are less willing to take responsability