Chapter 5 Colonial Society On The Eve Of Revolution

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Britain rule 32 colonies in North America by 1775, including canada, the Florida's and various Caribbean islands. But only 13 of them and four of the standard of rebellion period a few of the non-rebels, such as Canada and jamaica, were larger, wealthier, or more populous than some of the revolting 13.

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Why is the common term the 13 original colonies misleading?

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In 1700 there were 20 English subjects for each American colonist. By 1775 the English advantage in numbers had fallen to three to one, setting the stage for a momentous shift in the balance of power between the colonists and britain.

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And 1700 the colonists contain fewer than 300,000 souls, about 20,000 of them were black. By 1775, 2.5 million people inhabited the 13 colonies, of whom about half a million were black. This population boom had political consequences. Explain.

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Germans

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Constituted about 6% of the total population, or about 150,000 by 1775. Fleeing religious persecution, economic oppression, and the ravages of war, they had flocked to America in the early 1700s and had settled chiefly in pennsylvania. They belong to several different Protestants sects, primarily lutheran, and thus further enhanced the religious diversity of the colony. Known popularly but erroneously as the Pennsylvania dutch (a corruption of the German word for the word German, "Deutsch"), they totaled about 1/3 of the colonies population. In parts of philadelphia, the street signs were painted in both German and English.

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It was deflected southward and to the back country of maryland, down Virginia's shenando valley, and into the Western carolinas. Already experienced colonizers and agitators in ireland, the Scots Irish prove to be superb frontiersman, though their readiness to visit violence on the Indians repeatedly inflamed the Western district by the mid 18th century, a chain of Scott's Irish settlements lay scattered along the "Great wagon road," which hugged the Eastern Appalachian Foothills from Pennsylvania to georgia.

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In 1775 numbered about 175,000, or 7% of the population, were an important non English group, although they spoke english. They were not Irish at all, but turbulent Scott's lowlanders. Over many decades, though, they had been transplanted to Northern ireland, where they had not prospered. The Irish Catholics already there, hating Scottish presbyterianism, resented The Intruders and still do. The economic life of the Scots Irish was severely hampered, especially when the English government placed burdensome restrictions on their production of linens and woolens. Early in the 1700s, tens of thousands of embittered Scots Irish finally abandoned Ireland and came to america, chiefly to tolerant and deep soil pennsylvania. Finding the best acres already taken by Germans and quakers, they pushed out come to the frontier. There are many of them illegally but definitely squatted on the unoccupied lands and quarreled with both Indian and white owners. When the westward flowing Scott's Irish tide lapped up against the allegany barrier, what happened?

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Scott's Irish

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Pugnacious, lawless, and individualistic, they brought with them the Scottish secrets of whiskey distilling and dotted the Appalachian hills and hollows with their stills. They chose no love for the British government that had uprooted them and still loaded over them, or any other government, it seemed. They led the armed March of the Paxton boys on Philadelphia and 1764, protesting the Quaker oligarchys lenient policy toward the indians, and a few years later spearheaded the regulator movement in North carolina, a small but nasty insurrection against the Eastern domination of the colonies affairs. Many of these Hot heads, including the young Andrew jackson, eventually joined the embattled American revolutionists. All

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Approximately 5% of the multicolored colonial population consisted of other European groups. These embraced French huguenots, welsh, dutch, sweets, juice, iris, swiss, and Scott's Highlanders, as distinguished from the Scott's iris. Except for the Scotts highlanders, such hodgepodge elements felt little loyalty to the British crown. By far the largest single non English group was african, accounting for nearly 20% of the colonial population in 1775 and heavily concentrated in the south.

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Describe the colonial populations as a whole

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The population of the 13 colonies, though mainly anglo-saxon, was perhaps the most mixed to be found anywhere in the world. The south, holding about 90% of the slaves, already displayed it's historic black and white racial composition. New england, mostly staked out by the original Puritan migrants, showed the least ethnic diversity. The middle colonies, especially pennsylvania, received the bulk of later white immigrants and boasted and astonishing variety of people's. Outside of new england, about one half of the population was non English and 1775. Of the 56 signers of the declaration of Independence in 1776, 18 were non English and eight had not been born in the colonies.

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Describe the differences in the different types of colonies as far as population goes

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The African slave trade long had mixed peoples from many different tribal backgrounds, giving birth to the African-American community far more variegated in its cultural origins than anything to be found in Africa itself. Similarly, in the New England "praying towns," where Indians were gathered to be christianized, and in the Great lakes villages such as detroit, home to dozens of different displaced indigenous peoples, polyglot native American communities emerged, blurring the boundaries of individual tribal identities.

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Explain how the new world changed African and native American identities