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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the fluid mosiac model?
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Where proteins float in the lipid bilayer. This is where membrane proteins are embedded.
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What kinds of lipids are found in the biological membrane?
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Phospholipids
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What are the two types of protein membranes?
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Integral and Peripheral
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In Integral protein membranes, what types of amonio acids do they have?
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They have hydrophobic regions of amino acids
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iWhat do the intergral protein amino acids do ?
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penetrate entirely cross the phosphoilipid bilayer.
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What do peripheral protein membranes lack?
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hydrophobic regions
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Are the peripheral protein membranes embeded in the lipid bilayer?
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no they are not
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What do glycolipids consist of ?
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A carbohydrate bound to a lipid
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In glycolipids, what do the carbohydrate units do?
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They extend outside the cell membrane and serve as recognition signals.
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What do glycoproteins consist of?
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Short oligosaccharide chains convalently bonded to a protein.
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What are the two types of cell adhesions?
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Homotypic and Heterotypic
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What happens in homotypic cell adhesion?
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binding occurs when both cells posses the same type of of cell surface receptor
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What happens in heterotypic cell adhesion?
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binding occurs between two diffeent but complementary proteins and resembles a plug and socket
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What are cell junctions?
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connections of cell-cell recognition proteins that allow spcific kinds of cells to adhere to each other.
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What are the three types of cell junctions?
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tight juctions, desmosomes and gap junctions.
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What does the Tight Cell Junction do?
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Seals tissues, help ensure directional movement of materials.
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What do desmosomes cell junctions do?
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the hold cells together. they act as spot welds on adjacent cells.
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What do gap cell junctions do?
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They act as a means of communications.
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What is the passive membrane transport?
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It is membrane transport that doesn't require outside energy to allow substances to diffuse through the phospholipid bilayer.
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What is the active membrane transport?
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requires external chemical energy to allow some substances to cross the membrane.
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What is diffusion?
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the process of random movement by molecules toward a state of equilibrium around an area.
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It's not the total number of molecules that matters in diffusion, it's the ?????
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It's the concentration of the molecules.
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Where does simple difussion take place?
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It takes place through the phospholipid bilayer.
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What happens in simple difussion?
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Small molecules pass through the lipid bilayer.
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What is osmosis in regards to membranes?
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it's the diffusion of water across the membrane.
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What kinds of membrane transport is osmosis?
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It is a passive transport process
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What three terms are associated with the comparison of the solute concetration of solutions?
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isontic, hypertonic and hypotonic
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What type of concetration does: a) isotonic have b) hypertonic c) hypotonic
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A) equal solute concertations, b) hypertonic has a greater total solute c) hypotonic has a lower solute concentration
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What is facilitated diffusion?
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They way polar substances and charged substances enter cells.
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What is a channel protein?
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It is a kind of facilitated diffusion that form channels lined with polar amino acids.
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What are ion channels?
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It is a protein channel that is assoicated with a facilitated diffusion. It is a gated channel.
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What is aquaporin channels?
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A way that water crosses the plasma membrane by hydrating ions as they pass through.
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What do carrier proteins do?
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Aid diffusion by binding substances. They carry polar molecules across membranes.
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What kinds of energy is used for active transport?
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ATP
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What are the three protein driven systems in active transport?
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Uniport, symport and antiport.
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What do uniport transports move? What do symport move? What do antiport transports move?
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A single type of solute. Move two solutes in the same direction. Move two solutes in opposite directoins.
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What is primary transport?
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It's an active transport that requires the direct use of ATP for the pumping system.
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What is secondary transport?
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it's an active transport that uses an established gradient to move substances. It uses ATP indirectly.
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Which level of active transport is the sodium-potassium pump?
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primary
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What does endocytosis do?
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It brings macromolecules into the eukrayotic cell.
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What are the three types of endocytosis?
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Phagocytosis, pinocytosis and receptor-mediator
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What is a vesicles?
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It is what's formed wen a pocket of membrane deepens, pinches off and migrates with its contents to the cell's interior.
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What does Phgocytosis do?
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It allows entire cells to be engulfed.
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What is involved in Pinocytosis?
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Small vesicles, where dissolved substances and fluids are brought into the cell.
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What is the difference between pinocytosis and receptor-mediator endocytosis?
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It is highly specific.
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What does Exocytosis involve?
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It invovles materials moving out of the cell.
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