Chapter 5 Apes

Front 1

matter (nutrients) is _____ within the environment, energy _____ through environment!

Back 1

recycled, flows

Front 2

nutrient cycle

Back 2

transportation or biotic transformation of nutrients within an ecosystem

Front 3

vehicles of nutrient cycles

Back 3

atmosphere, hydrosphere, soil

Front 4

atmosphere

Back 4

major storehouse for nutrients in atmospheric cycle; occurs locally, regionally, and globally (air moves, takes emitted particles other places)

Front 5

hydrosphere

Back 5

aquatic systems; 3 states of water (solid ice, liquid water, gaseous vapor); ocean is a storehouse for nutrients; occurs locally, regionally, and globally; 72% covers the earth

Front 6

soil

Back 6

sedimentary processes typically slow cycles/processes not in a gaseous state (normally dissolved particles); phosphorous (PO4)3- is the main nutrient and limiting nutrient for plants (needed for root growth); earth’s crust is a storehouse for nutrients locally and regionally (local geological events -- weathering, erosion, earthquakes; not global because rocks aren’t usually transplanted long distances)

Front 7

water cycle

Back 7

evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, runoff/respiration

Front 8

evaporation

Back 8

caused by sun beating down on water; most water vapor comes from oceans

Front 9

transpiration

Back 9

plants release water vapor through leaves during photosynthesis

Front 10

condensation

Back 10

water vapor turns into liquid droplets and usually forms a cloud

Front 11

condensation nuclei

Back 11

dust particles (particulate matter—dirt, pollen, pollutants in the air); increased by humans through pollution, erosion (dust-bowls, hydrology); increased clouds = increased rain, maybe a good thing? NO. (global dimming—)

Front 12

precipitation

Back 12

rain, snow, sleet, hail

Front 13

runoff/respiration

Back 13

penetrate ground into groundwater OR return to stream OR be absorbed by plants

Front 14

movement of groundwater

Back 14

consistent…slowly seeps back into water systems --groundwater flow

Front 15

aquifer

Back 15

underground layer of rock that is permeable to water (permeable component of rock that allows water to get in)

Front 16

water table

Back 16

the level of water stored within the crust of the earth (goes up in wet season, down in dry season) – plants absorbing groundwater make it go down in a dry season

Front 17

human impacts on water cycle

Back 17

1. usage/uptake of water (mostly in developed nations) – irrigation, industry, domestic use
2. water pollution – alteration of quality or usable water
3. development alters – topography, soil permeability (compaction—walk on it, urbanization, drive on it – make it impermeable), area of permeable soil, harvest plant material (more sunlight decreases water in soil)

Front 18

carbon cycle

Back 18

*associated with organic compounds
*energy that is used in an ecosystem is typically stored in a carbon based molecule (glucose)
*carbon dioxide also serves as a thermo-regulating gas (greenhouse gas)
*largest store of carbon is in sedimentary rocks (limestone)*carbon is released by leaching, acid deposition, burning fossil fuels

Front 19

human impacts on carbon cycle

Back 19

*burning fossil fuels/wood/living organisms
*deforestation

Front 20

sources of carbon dioxide for RELEASE into atmosphere

Back 20

*respiration
*burning fossil fuels/wood
*diffusion from oceans
*volcanoes
*weathering of sedimentary rocks (limestone)

Front 21

sources of carbon dioxide REMOVAL from atmosphere

Back 21

*photosynthesis
*diffusion of CO2 into oceans
*wetland storage (swamps and bogs store a lot of organic matter)
*burial/decaying of organic matter

Front 22

the warmer air/water is, the ____ gas it will hold

Back 22

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