Chapter 5 (A&p)

Front 1

Epidermis

Back 1

Outermost layer, consists of stratified squamous epithelial tissue.

Contains no. Blood vessels; obtains oxygen and nutrients by diffusion from the dermal layer beneath it.

Front 2

Dermis

Back 2

Inner, deeper layer; composed of connective tissues. It Contains primarily collagen fibers but it also contains elastin fibers and reticular fibers. Contains an abundance of blood vessels in addition to sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and nerve endings.( hair follicles are also embedded in the dermis)

Front 3

Collagen fibers

Back 3

Strengthen the tissue

Front 4

Elastin fibers

Back 4

Which provides elasticity

Front 5

Reticular fibers

Back 5

Which bind the collagen and elastin fibers together

Front 6

Papillae

Back 6

Finger- like projections that extend upward from the dermis. Interlock with downward waves on the bottom of the epidermis, effectively binding the two structures together.

Front 7

Cutaneous membrane

Back 7

The skin which consists of two layers: the epidermis and the dermis

Front 8

Integumentary system

Back 8

Hair, nails, and skin glands

Front 9

Hypodermis(subcutaneous)

Back 9

Beneath the skin a layer of subcutaneous tissue. Made of loose connective tissue and adipose tissue, the hypodermis binds the skin to the underlying tissue.

Front 10

Areolar

Back 10

Loose connective tissue

Front 11

Subcutaneous fat

Back 11

Hypodermis that's composed mostly of adipose tissue. Layer of fat helps insulate the body from outside temperature changes; also acts as an energy reservoir

Front 12

Epidermis consists of:

Back 12

4 or 5 layers, with the extra layer being present in areas receiving a lot of wear and tear, like the soles of the feet

Front 13

Stratum basale or basal layer aka stratum germinativum

Back 13

Innermost layer.consists of a layer of columnar stem cells

Front 14

Stem cells

Back 14

Continually undergo mitosis, producing new skin cells

Front 15

Keratin

Back 15

A tough, fibrous protein. Replaces the cytoplasm and nucleus In each cell

Front 16

Stratum corneum

Back 16

Outermost layer. All that's left of the dead cells is their keratin

Front 17

Keratinocytes

Back 17

Newly arriving flattened cells that replace the dead cells that flake away with daily wear.

Front 18

Melanocytes

Back 18

Scattered throughout the basal layer of the epidermis

Front 19

Melanin

Back 19

Accumulates In the cells of the epidermis

Front 20

2 types of melanin

Back 20

A reddish pheomelanin and a brown black eumelanin

Front 21

Abnormal changes In skin color

Back 21

Cyanosis

Jaundice

Bronzing

Albinism

Erythema

Pallor

Bruise

Front 22

Cyanosis

Back 22

Blue tint, a deficiency of oxygen in circulating blood

Front 23

Jaundice

Back 23

Yellow discoloration of skin and the whites of the eyes( due to liver disease) impaired liver function

Front 24

Bronzing

Back 24

A golden brown skin color, a deficiency of hormones from the adrenal gland (addison disease)

Front 25

Albinism

Back 25

Extremely pale skin, white hair, and pink eyes, genetic lack of melanin

Front 26

Erythema

Back 26

Abnormal redness, increased blood flow in dilated blood vessels close to the skin's surface

Front 27

Pallor

Back 27

Pale skin, decreased blood flow

Front 28

Bruise(hematoma)

Back 28

Bluish, black, or yellowish mark on the skin, the breakdown of clotted blood under the skin

Front 29

Clubbing

Back 29

Chronic, oxygen deficiency

Front 30

Skin functions

Back 30

Protection

Barrier

Vitamin d production

Sensory perception

Thermoregulation

Front 31

Shaft

Back 31

Part of the hair that extends above the skin's surface

Front 32

Hair follicle

Back 32

Lies within a sheath of epidermis, have a rich nerve and blood supply

Front 33

Bulb or root

Back 33

Buried In the dermis is the hair, lowest part of the hair and is where growth occurs

Front 34

Papilla

Back 34

Base of the hair is a cluster of connective tissue and blood vessels that nourishes each hair

Front 35

Arrector pili

Back 35

Attached to each hair follicle is a small bundle of smooth muscle

Front 36

Alopecia

Back 36

Excessive hair loss, may result from disease, poor nutrition,chemotherapy, or even emotional distress ( common cause is aging)

Front 37

Male pattern baldness

Back 37

Only in individuals who have inherited a specific gene and who have high levels of testosterone, which is why it typically occurs in men

Front 38

Nails

Back 38

Consist of densely packed, heavily keratinized epithelial cells

Front 39

Cuticle

Back 39

A fold of skin that surrounds the nail body

Front 40

Nail body

Back 40

Visible part of the nail

Front 41

Lunula

Back 41

Crescent shaped white area at the base of the nail

Front 42

Nail bed

Back 42

A layer of epithelium under the nail

Front 43

Nail root

Back 43

Proximal end of the nail; it's hidden underneath overlying tissue

Front 44

Abnormal nail changes

Back 44

Clubbing

Cyanosis

Flattened or concave nail beds

Dark lines beneath the nail

White nails

Yellowish, thickened, slow growing nails

Pale nail beds

Front 45

2 types of sweat glands

Back 45

Eccrine glands and apocrine glands

Front 46

Burn classifications

Back 46

1st degree burn( superficial)

2nd degree burn(deep)

3rd degree burn

Front 47

3 types of skin cancer

Back 47

Basal cell carcinoma( most common)

Squamous cell carcinoma( slow growing)

Malignant melanoma( most deadly)

Front 48

Disorders of the integumentary system

Back 48

Acne

Dermatitis

Eczema

Impetigo

Psoriasis

Tinea

Urticaria