Chapter 5 And 6, Personality

Front 1

What was freud's Legacy? 3 pt

Back 1

1. “Giant oak” drops acorns that sprout into their own trees (neo-Freudians)
2. Many followers left and formed their own schools of psychology (viewed as blasphemous)
3. Most agreed with influence of unconscious and early childhood experiences

Front 2

What are common deviations from freud? 3 pt

Back 2

1. Personality not formed by early age 5 or 6 argued adolescent experiences and young adult also hold weight.
2. Emphasis on social and cultural influences on personality instead of just the individual.
3. Highlight more positive forces

Front 3

Who was Alfred Addler? 3 pt

Back 3

1. The 1st dissident
2. Early childhood marked by illness, awareness of death, jealousy of older brother Illness led to desire to be a doctor, but was not a top student
3. Specialized in ophthalmology, general practice and finally psychiatry

Front 4

What was Addler's involvement in psychoanalysis? 3pt

Back 4

1. 1/4 initial invitees to the Wednesday Society (1902). Invited due to his defense of the Interpretation of Dreams
2. Was close to his father – dismissed Oedipal complex and disagreed with other core psychoanalytic ideas (unconscious, infantile sexuality, primacy of the sexual motive)
3. Broke with Freud and founded “Society for Individual Psychology”

Front 5

What do addler and Freud have in common? 3pt

Back 5

-university of vienna

-white

-profession

Front 6

What was addler's relationship with freud? after freud? 7pt

Back 6

1. 1910 – expunged from Psychoanalytic Society in an acrimonious parting with Freud- freud saw his critiques as defections more than points of discussion--- took several group members with.
2. Adler about Freud: Why should I always work under your shadow?
3. Likened Freudian theory with the pampered child—who feels his instincts must never be denied
4. Served as psychiatrist to Austrian soldiers in
   WWI
5. Understanding Human Nature (1927)
6. Emigrated to the US, taught at Long Island
   College of Medicine
7. Died of massive heart attack while on a walk
   in Aberdeen, Scotland

Front 7

What were Adler's key contributions?

Back 7

Striving for superiority

Family life and personality development: Family constellation, birth order, parental influence

individual psychology-own group and approach.

Front 8

Striving for Superiority 7pt.

Back 8

1. A motivational force. Addler. Believed to be the root of all motivations.
2. Begins with feelings of inferiority
3. Goal of human is to conquest, perfection, security, superiority. strive for significance
4. to be human is to feel inferior
5. More important than the sexual instinct
6. Aggressive in nature, then becomes a will to power and equated with masculinity
7. Being or feeling powerless likely to overcompensate by expressing “masculine protest”

Front 9

Inferiority Complex 2 pt

Back 9

1. Neurotic pattern manifesting pervasive feelings of inadequacy, worthlessness, and helplessness
2. Best way to avoid this complex is to cooperate with others and make a contribution to life

Front 10

Pampering

Back 10

too much attention. robs the child of independence and adds to feelings of inferiority.

Front 11

Neglect

Back 11

too little attention

grow up cold and suspicious

incapable of warm personal relationships

Front 12

Birth order 4pt

Back 12

1. Situations of oldest, middle, youngest & only childcare unique and have regular & predicable characteristics influencing style of life

Front 13

Middle Born 4 pt

Back 13

1. Middle child in family of 3 or more has problem of competitiveness
2. Dethronement is not as painful
3. Typical 2nd born behaves like in a race
4. Middle borns develop strong S4S

Front 14

Youngest/ Only child

Back 14

1. Last borns are in danger of becoming dependent due to pampering
2. May develop unrealistic goals and have a life of disappointing relationships
3. Similar issues for only child, except isn’t spoiled as youngest in family
4. Only child can develop ‘mother complex’

Front 15

Birth Order RESEARCH 5 PT

Back 15

1. Some evidence of dethronement
2. 1st borns generally higher achievers than 2nd borns
3. Overall effects are weak and inconsistent
4. Cultural considerations are important
5. Sulloway (1996) – history of science influenced by birth order

Front 16

First Born

Back 16

1. 1st born enjoys pampering until he is dethroned by 2nd born
2. Fear competition from those younger; show conservatism and subservience to parental
3. authority “problem children, neurotics, criminals,drunkards,perverts”

Front 17

Analytic Psychology

Back 17

Jung's school of psychology.

Focus on collective unconscious.

Front 18

Collective unconscious

Back 18

Jung

consists of thoughs and images that are difficult to bring into awareness, but were never repressed.

Unconscious psychic characteristics

made up of primordial images

Front 19

Collective Unconscious Archetypes

Back 19

Persona: public role a person presents to others
Anima: feminine aspects of the male psyche
Animus: masculine aspects of the female psyche
Shadow: dark/primitive side of personality

Front 20

Erik Erikson

Back 20

Artist trained by psychoanalysts

developed ego psychology

Front 21

What is Erikson's principle stance on the ego

Back 21

the ego is used to establish and maintain a sense of identity.

includes awareness of uniqueness as well as feelings of coninuity with past and imgined futre

Front 22

Erikson identity crisis

Back 22

the confusion and despair we feel whenw e lack a stron sense of who we are.

Front 23

Jung Functions of Psychic Energy 6pt

Back 23

1. Principle of opposites
2. Conflict between opposing processes is necessary
3. Principle of equivalence
4. Energy continues to redistribute
5. Principle of entropy
6. Tendency toward balance or equilibrium
   

Front 24

Jung psychological types 8 pt

Back 24

1. Characteristic pattern of major personality dimensions
2. introversion
3. extroversion
4. Four functions
5. thinking
6. feeling
7. sensation
8. intuition

Front 25

Introversion vs. Extraversion 4 pt Jung

Back 25

1. Introverts turn their attention & their libido inward, to thoughts & inner states
2. Extraverts direct their energy & attention outward to people & experiences in the world
3. Two types are so fundamentally different they often do not understand each other
4. Jung attributed his split with Freud to difference in type

Front 26

The Four Functions Jung 8pt

Back 26

1. Thinking/feeling
2. Alternative ways of making value decisions or judgments
3. Thinking: decisions are based on logic
4. Feeling: decisions are based on the emotions they arouse
5. Sensation/intuition
6. How we get information about the world
7. Sensation: pay attention to details through five senses, concerned with concrete details
8. Intuition: material perceived through broad perspective, emphasizing future possibilities rather than current details

Front 27

Erik Erikson Initiative vs. guilt

Back 27

Childeren either learn senses of initiative or guilt. Initiative childeren are organizers, playdates ect. children become guilt ridden if they fail to develop those tools.

Front 28

Industry Versus Inveriority

Back 28

industry is a beleif in our strengths, inferiority is belief that we are lesser than. we develop one or the other.

Front 29

Identity versus Role confusion.

Back 29

Either develop a sense of who one is or fail to and instead fall into role confusion. can impede subsequent personality development.

Front 30

Intimacy versus Isolation

Back 30

intimacy encourages emotional growth while failing to do so develop emotional isolation which causes superficial relationships and avoiding commitment.

Front 31

Generativity versus Stagnation

Back 31

generativity or productiveness can be developed, a lack of whiich will give someone a sense of stagnation or eptiness and questioning one's purpose.

Front 32

Ego Integrity Versus Dispair

Back 32

Reflection causes one sense or another to develop. Reaction to past creates a sense of respect or disrespect for the self. acceptance leads to this respect. despair is regret.

Front 33

Personal Narratives

Back 33

The stories people tell of themselves reveal their personality in a very telling way.

tend to be consistant over time

Front 34

Strengths of Neofredain theories

Back 34

More positive and flattering picture of humankind

new concepts into psychological literature

influenced following psychologists

made freud more palatable in many cases

Front 35

Weaknesses of neofeadians

Back 35

lack of evidence

lack of same depth freud had

oversimplification

Front 36

CH. 6

Anxiety

Back 36

worry, pain, fear, dread.

Front 37

CH. 6

Three types of anxiety

Back 37

reality- objective, resposne to a pereived threat in the real world.

Neurotic anxiety-unacceptable id impulses are dangerously close to breaking into consciousness. leads to defense mechanisms.

Moral-superego response to id impulses athat violate the strict moral code. experienced as guilt.

Front 38

CH. 6

coping strategies.

Back 38

number of strategies people use when faced with a threatenieng situation to cope with anxiety.

women report* using more copign stratiges than men.

different people have different strategies that work for them. this tends to be consistant and developed as a coping style.

Front 39

Repression sensitization

Back 39

People who deal with anxieties with avoidanse. refered to as repressors. take mind off threat.

Front 40

Sensitizers

Back 40

deal with stressful situation by finding out as much as possible as soon as posible to take most effective action.

Front 41

Three basic ways of dealing with anxiety:

Back 41

Problem focused-take care of problem and overcome anxiety.

Emotion focused- reduces the emotional distress that accompanies teh problem.

avoidance strategies-pushing the threat out of awareness.

active versus inactive. active are almost always more effective in avoiding stress.

Front 42

Heaht problems and coping strategies

Back 42

people wit avoidance coping styles tend to be more vulnerable to strss related health problems such as hypertension and cardiovascular disease.

Front 43

Coping Flexibility

Back 43

having a number of strategies in our repertoires. must be able and willing to recognize when a coping strategy is not working and try something new. adjust strategy to fit reality. higher scores on coping flexibility represent a higher sense of wellbeing.

Front 44

Frustration and aggression

Back 44

frustration leads to aggression. Psychoanalytic approach suggests that it ALWAYS leads to some form of aggression.

also contends that other negative stimuli can lead to aggression: too hot weather, smoke, irritation, loud noise.

Front 45

Catharsis

Back 45

agression ceases with the release of tension or psychic energy, arousal, energy levels, muscle tension.

-sometimes leads to indirect expressions of aggresion.

Front 46

Displascing

Back 46

taking out frustrtation from one subject on an unrelated target. i.e. spousal abuse.

Front 47

Sublimatin

Back 47

taking out frustration by releaseing tension through other avenues such as excersize.

Front 48

Most researchers believe that frustration=aggression is too limited because...

Back 48

they look at it as a scale.... at what level of irritation or frustration become violent? at what level is the unpleasent emotion too much to cope with.

thoughts that increase negative feelings increase frustratation and lilihood of aggression.

thoughts that decrease negative feelings reduce the likelihood of aggression.

Front 49

Triggered displaced aggression

Back 49

when targets of displaced aggression have done something to annoy the aggressor.

Front 50

Catharsis

Back 50

often letting off steam contributes negativity to the problem by giving it focus. sitting quietly to let this disolve seems to have better effects. catharsis is not a thing.

Front 51

Aggression breeds aggression

Back 51

acting aggressively may lead to a kind of disinhibition. once an act of aggression is committed it makes it easier for following acts to be committed.

because this aggression leads to catharisis people relate aggression to feeling good. this is positive reinforcement, pleasent consequences are likly to be repeated.

Front 52

Attachmentstyles 3pt

Back 52

secure

avoidant-jealousy, insexurity, fear

anxious-ambivilant-anxiety, ever seeking. me.