Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Know the name of the five sections of the epidermis from top to bottom |
1. Stratum corneum 2. Stratum lucidum 3. Stratum granulosum 4. Stratum spinosum 5. Stratum basale or stratum germinativum |
|
Know which of these five sections is absent in thin skin |
Stratum lucidum |
|
Now the types of tissue that make up the epidermis and dermis |
Dermis is dense connective tissue Epidermis is keratinized stratified squamous epithelial cells |
|
Know the section that have cells going through active mitosis |
Stratum germinativum |
|
Know the functions of the stratum corneum |
Prevents water loss or water entry In unbroken skin it prevents entry of pathogens and chemicals |
|
Know the functions of Merkel cells langerhans cells melanocytes and melanin |
Merkel- receptors for sense of touch Langerhans- phagocytize foreign materials and stimulate an immune response by lymphocytes Melanocytes- produce melanin on exposure to UV rays Melanin- protect living skin layers from further exposure to UV rays |
|
Know the function of hair and what tissue type hair and its follicles are made up of |
2. Nostril hairs keep dust out of nasal cavities 1. The eyebrows and lashes keep dust and participation out of the eyes2. Nostril hairs keep dust out of nasal cavities3. Hair on scalp provides insulation from cold for the headHair follicle Earth are made of epidermal tissue hair shaft is made of keratinized cells 3. Hair on scalp provides insulation from cold for the head Hair follicle Earth are made of epidermal tissue hair shaft is made of keratinized cells |
|
Know function of nails and what tissue type of nail and it's follicles are made up of |
1. Protect against mechanical injury 2. To pick up small stuff 3. To scratch Keratinized dead cells Keratin and epidermis and dermis cells |
|
Know the gland sebum comes from know the function of sebum |
The sebaceous glands Sebum inhibits the growth of some species of bacteria on the skin surface preventing colonization and prevents drying out of skin and hair |
|
Know the glands sweat come from and the function of sweat |
Sweat glands compound apocrine and eccrine sweat cools the body |
|
Know the glands cerumen come from know the function of cerumen |
Ceruminous glands prevent drying of eardrum |
|
No the senses that free nerve endings allow a person to feel |
Heat, cold, itch, pain |
|
Know of the senses that encapsulated nerves allow a person to feel |
Touch, pressure |
|
Describe how arterioles and arrector pili muscles work in stress situations |
Arterioles redirect blood to vital organs for fight or flight Arrector pili muscle- pull hair upright for greater insulation from cold or to appear bigger |
|
Know the vitamin that can be produced by skin |
Vitamin D |
|
Know the tissue types that make up the subcutaneous layer below the skin |
Areolar Connective tissue or loose connective tissue and adipose tissue |
|
No another name for subcutaneous layer |
Superficial fascia |
|
Know the importance of the loose connective tissue of the subcutaneous layers |
1. Connect skin to muscle 2. Contains many wbcs to destroy pathogens that enter breaks in skin Three. Contains mast cells that release histamine leukortrincines and other chemicals involved in inflammation |
|
Know the importance of adipose tissue |
1. Contain stored energy in the form of true fats 2. Cushions bony prominences 3. Provides some insulation from cold 4. Contributes to appetite 5. Contributes use of insulin 6. Produces cytokines to activate wbcs 7. Brown & beige fat produce heat |
|
Explain what the arterioles do and why in the skin when the external environment becomes cold and hot |
The dog light and response to warm to increase heat loss and I can straight to reserve body heat |
|
Define the three types of burns until what part of the skin are damaged in each degree know the two principal medical issues for patients associated with Burns especially third degree |
First degree is The Superficial epidermis Second degree is deeper layers of the epidermis partial thickness 3rd degree is the entire epidermis full thickness burn Bacterial infection in dehydration |
|
Define and be able to give an example of a long bone or short bone a flat bone and irregular bone |
Long bone arms legs hands feet contains spongy bone contains red bone marrow consist of dialysis made of compact bone the marrow Canal contains yellow bone marrow Short bone wrist and ankle bone made of spongy bone covered with a thin layer of compact bone Flat bones pelvic bone cranial bones and ribs made of spongy bone covered with a thin layer of compact bone the spongy bone contains red bone marrow Irregular bones are the vertebrae and facial bone spongy bone covered with a thin layer of compact bone spongy bones contain red bone marrow |
|
No what osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts do |
Osteocytes are bone cells and regulate amount of calcium in the bone matrix Osteoblast make the bone matrix Osteoclasts dissolve and digest the bone matrix reabsorbing cells |
|
Know what makes up the Bony Matrix / ground substance of bone |
Calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate |
|
Know the functions of the skeletal system |
Support the body, facilitate movement, protect internal organs, produces blood cells, store and release minerals and fats |
|
Know the difference between spongy and compact bone |
Spongy bones--contain osteocytes and bone matrix but are not in haversian systems Ambani play and contain red bone marrow Compact bone made up of haversian systems and osteons |
|
Know the importance of vitamin A and C vitamin D calcium phosphorus and protein for the growth and maintenance of bone tissue |
Vitamin A to process bone formation vitamin C to process bone formation vitamin D absorption of calcium and phosphorus at small intestine calcium becomes part of the salt phosphorus becomes part of the salts in The Matrix protein becomes part of the collagen in Matrix |
|
Kow the importance of hormones growth calcitonin and parathyroid insulin thyroxine and estrogen / testosterone |
Insulin increases energy production from glucose, great increases protein synthesis and rate of mitosis of the chondrocytes in cartilage, calcitonin decreases reabsorption of calcium from Bones and targets osteoblast, parathyroid increases reabsorption of calcium by the small intestines and kidneys and heart is osteoclast, thyroxine increases protein synthesis and energy production from food, estrogen / testosterone helps maintain stable bone matrix and promotes closure of epiphyses of long bones |
|
Know the two other Fighters other than nutrients and hormones that affect bone growth and maintenance |
Hereditary and exercise |
|
Noah ossification means know what tissue types are converted to Bone tissue and intramembranous ossification endochondral ossification |
Bonner place in about another tissue Itramemberanous is mesenchymal tissue Endochondral is aggregates mesenchymal |
|
Nowhere red and yellow bone marrow is found in bones |
Red bone marrow is in spongy bone Yellow bone marrow is in the marrow canal medullary cavity |
|
Tissue each of the three types of joints are made of know what type of movement each of the three provide no one location the body where each of the three are found |
Synarthrosis- no movement Sage or fibrous connective tissue the future of the frontal and parietal bone Amthiarthosis- cartilage connective tissue art movement the vertebrae Diarthrosis synovial free movement Hinge knee |