Chapter 5 And 6

Front 1

dhimmis

Back 1

followers of religion permitted by law: Armenian, Christians, Greek orthodox christians, and Jews.

Front 2

millets

Back 2

minority religious communities. dhimmis were organized into millets.

Front 3

jizya

Back 3

special tax to all non-Muslims that allowed for the religious minorities to worship as they pleased, send their children to their ownr eligious schools, adn to cultivate the asrts and sciences as they wished.

Front 4

kanun

Back 4

the system od administrative law of the ottomans. sultans realized that the sharia, islamic holy law, would not suffice.

Front 5

ulama

Back 5

islamic jurists who stressed tradition and religious law. taught this style of education. ulama are graduates.

Front 6

the tulip period

Back 6

early eighteenth century. people were obsessed with tulips.

Front 7

Grand Vizier Damat Ibrahim

Back 7

he encouraged the tulip fascination. restored order to the empire after the militray defeats of the 17th century. loosened customary ulama controls over the social activities of the people, and sanctioned elite consumption of luxury goods.

Front 8

Akbar

Back 8

the islamic high culture found its greatest fulfillment under the mughal emporer akbar. did not inhibit cultural experimentation. philosopher king. book written about him named akbaramah (book of abnar) by abulfazl, most creative thinker of mughal era, describes him as a philosospher king, who received kingship from god becasue he was true philosopher and was born a perfoect person in a sufi sense.

Front 9

Taj Majal

Back 9

shan jahan reached highpoint in mughal dynaoured enormous resources unto rebuilding capital and palacies there. wife died and he ordered a tomb to be built in Agra cause she was a important politcal counsel. designed by indian architect of persian origin took 20 years to build with 20000 workers. blended persian and islamic deisng. represented Mughal cultural efflorescnecse.

Front 10

Johan Adam Schall von Bell

Back 10

german jusuit missionary to china.Apart from successful missionary work, he became the trusted counsellor of the Shunzhi emperor of the Qing dynasty, was created a mandarin, and held an important post in connection with the mathematical school. His position enabled him to procure from the emperor permission for the Jesuits to build churches and to preach throughout the country.

Front 11

Shinto

Back 11

indigenous japanese praactice of ancestor venerationa (respect, awe) dn worshipping gods in nature. large amount of shrines around the country.

Front 12

No

Back 12

masked theater. elegant ritual for making tea and engaging in contemplation.

Front 13

Geisha

Back 13

female entertainers

Front 14

kabuki

Back 14

a type of theater that combined song, dance, and skillfull stagining to dramtizise conflicts between duty and passion

Front 15

ukiyo

Back 15

the pleasure oreiented culture of urbanites known as the floating world

Front 16

Honda Toshiaki

Back 16

strong proponent of a european orientation. the greatness of japan depending on its abbility to modernize.

Front 17

Enlightenment

Back 17

a new sense of culture emerged in Europe as these literate, middle-class men and women gained confident in their own worthiness to create culture and rule states.

Front 18

Sir Francis Bacon

Back 18

philosopher. shaped how modern science performed. duty of the scientists was to observe and to test nature himself following the inductive method.

Front 19

Isaac Newton

Back 19

defined the universal laws that applied to matter in motion. laws of motion.

Front 20

Voltaire

Back 20

beleived in the power of human reason adn the perfectibility of mankind; they rejected the medieval belaif in mans helplessnesss and gods remoteness. writer. also observed and criticized evils such as toture.

Front 21

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Back 21

wrote the social conrtact - the people could withdraw their support for the government if the government violated the social contract.

Front 22

John Locke

Back 22

essay concerning human understanding. man was born with a clean slate shoul consider his merit rather than birth rite. stressed that cultural differences were the result of uneuqal opportunites to develop man's faculties.

Front 23

Adam Smith

Back 23

wealth of nations. little difference between a philosopher and aa sreet porter. both have been endowed with reson and were free to rise in society according to their talents.

Front 24

Encyclopedia

Back 24

purpose was to collect all the knowledge scattered over the face of the earth.

Front 25

Candomble

Back 25

a Youuba-based religion where christian and african faith are praticed side by side

Front 26

creoles

Back 26

persons of full blooded european descent born in the americas. powerful group that was annoyed with the control that europe had over the colonial society.

Front 27

Captain James Cook

Back 27

man od science. portrayed as one of the saintly scientists of the enlightened progress. opened up the pacific for travel namely australia.

Front 28

race

Back 28

int he 17th century race began to take on the meaning of ethnic lineage

Front 29

Johann Freidrich Blumenbach

Back 29

father of physical anthropology. crystillaized much of enlightenmnet thought about race in his authoritative book. divided humans into four races: europeans balck asian and americans.

Front 30

nationalism

Back 30

Nationalism is a term referring to a doctrine[1] or political movement[2] that holds that a nation—usually defined in terms of ethnicity or culture—has the right to constitute an independent or autonomous political community based on a shared history and common destiny

Front 31

democracy

Back 31

In political theory, Democracy describes a small number of related forms of government and also a political philosophy. A common feature of democracy as currently understood and practiced is competitive elections. Competitive elections are usually seen to require freedom of speech, freedom of the press, and some degree of rule of law. Civilian control of the military is often seen as necessary to prevent military dictatorship and interference with political affairs. In some countries, democracy is based on the philosophical principle of equal rights.

Front 32

napoleonic code

Back 32

napoleon secure the intersts of propertied males in a new set of laws called the napoleonic code.

Front 33

thomas payne, common sense

Back 33

it makes sense for people to rule themselves.

Front 34

anti- federalists

Back 34

against the constitution becuase it had no bill o rights. afraid of a tyranical government.

Front 35

gabriel prosser

Back 35

had a plan to raise and army of slaves and take richmond and hold whites prisoner. betrayed and 27 blacks hung and dream of an equal country diminished.

Front 36

louis XVI

Back 36

french king. set up french revolution by supporting the american revolution to hurt the british.

Front 37

three estates

Back 37

first estate - clergy
second estate - aristocrats
third estate - everyone else

Front 38

declaration of the rights of man and citizen

Back 38

french declaration fo indepnedence. more radical. equality under the law and certain rights.

Front 39

olympe de gouges

Back 39

wrote declaration of rights of woman and citized. same as rigths as man but added women.

Front 40

jacobins

Back 40

radical group wanted to do withoutt he king and refomr french culture.

Front 41

reign of terror

Back 41

radicals that killed the king sontinue to kille their enemies and hope to go outside of france.

Front 42

napoleon bornaparte

Back 42

declared himself emperor. attacked russia. world alliance formed agaist. he lost. was eixled. return to fight at waterloo but lost.

Front 43

congress of vienna

Back 43

convened to establish peace. respect each other boundreis. help if there is a revolt.

Front 44

tupac Amaru

Back 44

lead the Andean indians in a revolt against spain and won.

Front 45

toussaint L'Ouverture

Back 45

lead a revolt in Haiti against the french. NB sent his cousin who lost.

Front 46

Simon Bolivar

Back 46

fought spainish armies all over south america for 24 years.

Front 47

caudillos

Back 47

local military chieftains

Front 48

industrial revolution

Back 48

The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, and transportation had a profound effect on socioeconomic and cultural conditions in Britain and subsequently spread throughout Europe and North America and eventually the world, a process that continues as industrialisation. The onset of the Industrial Revolution marked a major turning point in human social history, comparable to the invention of farming or the rise of the first city-states; almost every aspect of daily life and human society was eventually influenced in some way. In the later part of the 1700s the manual labour-based economy of the Kingdom of Great Britain began to be replaced by one dominated by industry and the manufacture of machinery. It started with the mechanisation of the textile industries, the development of iron-making techniques and the increased use of refined coal. Trade expansion was enabled by the introduction of canals, improved roads and railways. The introduction of steam power (fuelled primarily by coal) and powered machinery (mainly in textile manufacturing) underpinned the dramatic increases in production capacity.[2] The development of all-metal machine tools in the first two decades of the 19th century facilitated the manufacture of more production machines for manufacturing in other industries. The effects spread throughout Western Europe and North America during the 19th century, eventually affecting most of the world. The impact of this change on society was enormous.[3]

The First Industrial Revolution merged into the Second Industrial Revolution around 1850, when technological and economic progress gained momentum with the development of steam-powered ships, railways, and later in the nineteenth century with the internal combustion engine and electrical power generation.

Front 49

free trade

Back 49

Free trade is a market model in which trade in goods and services between or within countries flow unhindered by government-imposed restrictions. Restrictions to trade include taxes and tariffs, and other non-tariff barriers, such as legislation and quotas. Trade liberalization entails reductions to these trade barriers.

One of the strongest arguments for free trade was made by classical economist David Ricardo in his analysis of comparative advantage. Comparative advantage explains how trade will benefit both parties (countries, regions, or individuals) if they have different opportunity costs of production

Front 50

james watt

Back 50

James Watt (19 January 1736 – 19 August 1819) was a Scottish inventor and engineer whose improvements to the steam engine were fundamental to the changes wrought by the Industrial Revolution

Front 51

decemberists

Back 51

after alexander dies with no son.Russian Decembrist Revolt

Front 52

muhammad ali

Back 52

ruler. changed egypt by mechanizing it. got rid of french.

Front 53

tanzimat

Back 53

The Tanzimat (Ottoman Turkish: تنظيمات), meaning reorganization of the Ottoman Empire, was a period of reformation that began in 1839 and ended with the First Constitutional Era in 1876. The Tanzimat reform era was characterized by various attempts to modernize the Ottoman Empire, to secure its territorial integrity against nationalist movements and aggressive powers. The reforms encouraged Ottomanism among the diverse ethnic groups of the Empire, attempting to stem the tide of nationalist movements within the Ottoman Empire. The reforms attempted to integrate non−Muslims and non−Turks more thoroughly into Ottoman society by enhancing their civil liberties and granting them equality throughout the Empire.

Front 54

east indian compamy

Back 54

dominated india and created by englad. controlled their inport and export.

Front 55

johm stuart mill

Back 55

philosoher that agrued dictoral, illiberal rule could bring good government and economoic progress to Indians, who were not capacble of governing themselves.

Front 56

chinoiserie

Back 56

Chinoiserie[1] refers to a recurring theme in European artistic styles since the seventeenth century, which reflects Chinese art and is characterized by the use of fanciful imagery of an imaginary China, by asymmetry in format and whimsical contrasts of scale, and by the attempts to imitate Chinese porcelain and the use of lacquerlike materials and decoration.

Front 57

the opium war

Back 57

british chinese war over hte narcotic, opium. the opiumwar exposed chinas vunerability in a new era of european ascendary. the impact of opium trade was devasting to qing china: silver gegan to flow out instead of in.