Chapter 5

Front 1

The greatest mathematician and philosopher from Germany

Back 1

Leibniz

Front 2

Extremely gifted German composer and organist

Back 2

Bach

Front 3

Also known as the Turkish power whose power reached to about 50 miles from Vienna and extended over what is now Romania and over Tartars on the north shore of the black Sea

Back 3

Ottoman Empire

Front 4

A member of an elite military unit of the Turkish army organized in the fourteenth century and abolished in 1826 when they revolted against the Sultan

Back 4

Janissaries

Front 5

A ruler of a Muslim country such as the Ottoman Empire.

Back 5

Sultan

Front 6

Used in Polish politics which was also known as liberum veto which was used to break up a diet called "exploding the diet"

Back 6

Free Veto

Front 7

The highest representative assembly in an empire, an extreme honor

Back 7

Imperial Diet

Front 8

Meant freedom of the member states from control by emperor or Empire

Back 8

"Germanic Liberties"

Front 9

European royal family and a German dynasty from Bavaria

Back 9

Wittelsbachs of Bavaria

Front 10

A royal dynasty of elector and kings of Prussia, Germany and Romania. It originated in the area around the town of Hechingen in Swabia during the 11th century

Back 10

Hohenzollerns of Prussia

Front 11

Royal and noble family of North Germany

Back 11

Guelphs of Hannover

Front 12

Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire in 1711 and also king of Hungary. He had a daughter, Maria Theresa who took the throne in 1740

Back 12

Charles VI

Front 13

Daughter of Charles VI who had the right to the Habsburg throne and to the inheritance of all the Habsburg territories

Back 13

Maria Theresa

Front 14

Austrian aristocrat of French origin who was distinguished both as a military administrator and as a commander in the field, he reformed the supply, equipment, training, and command of the Habsburg forces; winning the battle of Zenta, as well as driving the Turks out of Hungary

Back 14

Prince Eugene of Savoy

Front 15

The first attempt by the Ottoman Empire to capture the city of Vienna, Austria. It signaled the high point of the Ottoman Empire's power and great rivalry with Europe and the maximum extent of Ottoman expansion in central Europe

Back 15

Siege of Vienna

Front 16

An agreement by Charles VI which recognized his daughter Maria Theresa's right to the Habsburg throne and to the inheritance of all Habsburg territories

Back 16

Pragmatic Sanction

Front 17

A man who was known as one of the first to shape modern Prussia. He grew up in trying conditions which was ravaged from the Thirty Years' War. He created an effective army to try to help Berlin and put hope back into the hearts of the people

Back 17

Frederick William the Great Elector

Front 18

King of Sweden from 1611–32, and a national war hero in his youth who crossed the Baltic in the Thirty Years' War making alliances with Protestant German princes, cut through the Holy Roman Empire and helped to ward off unification of Germany by the Habsburgs

Back 18

Gustavus Adolphus

Front 19

King of Sweden who won remarkable victories over Denmark, Poland, and Russia but was later crushed by the Russians. He eventually fled to Turkey and spent long years as a guest and protege of the Turks

Back 19

Charles XII

Front 20

King of Prussia from 1713 to 1740 who was an earth uncouth man who disdained whatever savored of "culture". He begrudged every penny not spent on the army and cut the expense of the royal household by three-fourths. He worked all the time and prowled the streets of Berlin caning people who were not working

Back 20

Frederick I

Front 21

King of Prussia in 1740, son of Frederick I who took the term "the Great". Who moved forces into Silesia which doubled the population and added valuable industries which established Prussia as a world power.

Back 21

Frederick II

Front 22

German for "drive to the East"

Back 22

Drang nach Osten

Front 23

Name for the ruler, the margrave. one of the seven princes who, after 1356 elected the Holy Roman emperor

Back 23

Elector of Brandenburg

Front 24

Another name for the whole landed aristocracy in Prussia

Back 24

Junkers

Front 25

A Russian czar of the early 18th century who transformed Russia into a progressive nation by introducing customs and ideas from western European countries. He moved the capital of Russia from Moscow to St. Petersburg.

Back 25

Peter the Great

Front 26

Led a tremendous uprising in 1667 who gathered a host of fugitive serfs, Cossacks, and adventureres, outfitted a fleet on the Caspian Sea, plundered Russian vessels, defeated a Persian squadron and invaded Persia itself

Back 26

Stephen Razin

Front 27

the first Russian Czar of the house of Romanov. His reign marked the end of the Time of Troubles.

Back 27

Michael Romanov

Front 28

Centered on the ancient city of Moscow whose rulers gradually gained control over the neighboring Russian lands and established the Russian Empire under the czars.

Back 28

Muscovy

Front 29

River in Russia, originating northwest of Moscow and running southeastward until it empties into the Caspian Sea.

Back 29

Volga River

Front 30

A mountain range in western Russia forming the boundary line between Europe and Asia; from the Arctic Ocean to Kazakhstan

Back 30

Urals

Front 31

Lake between southeast Europe and Asia, the largest inland body of water in the world

Back 31

Caspian Sea

Front 32

An extensive region in the Russian Federation in northern Asia which extends from the Ural Mountains to the Pacific Ocean

Back 32

Siberia

Front 33

A kind of Moscow guard which was composed of nobles and constantly active in Russian politics. They led a rebellion in 1698 and were liquidated two years before the great Russian defeat at Narva

Back 33

streltsi

Front 34

City in Estonia which was occupied first by Russia and then by Sweden, it was important as the scene of Peter I the Great's defeat by the Swedes in 1700 and his subsequent victory, reconquering the city for Russia in 1704.

Back 34

Narva

Front 35

A city in eastern Ukraine which is southwest of Kharkov and was the site of Russian defeat of Swedes in 1709.

Back 35

Poltava

Front 36

A person, as a deputy, attorney, or agent, employed to manage the affairs of another

Back 36

Procurator

Front 37

An assembly of church delegates who discuss the law of the church, and religious affairs

Back 37

Synod