Chapter 5 & 6 Tissues/ Skin And It's Appendages

Front 1

Study of tissue

Back 1

Histology

Front 2

Define tissue

Back 2

a group of similar cells that perform a common function.

Front 3

What are the 4 priniciples types of tissues?

Back 3

1) Epithelial
2) Connective
3) Muscle
4) Nervous

Front 4

What are the components of extracellular matrix (ECM)?

Back 4

Water, proteins, and Proteoglycans (carbohydrates attached to protein backbones)

Front 5

What are the 3 primary germ layers? Name the body system each layer develops.

Back 5

1) Endoderm - Endomorph
2) Mesoderm - Mesomorph
3) Ectoderm - Ectomorph

Front 6

Define the term Gastrulation

Back 6

The process by which blastocyst cells move and then differentiate into the 3 primary germ layers.

Front 7

What are the 2 subdivisions of epithelial tissues called?

Back 7

1) Membranous
2) Glandular Epithelium

Front 8

What are the functions of the epithelial tissues?

Back 8

- Protection *most important*
- Sensory functions
- Secretion
- Absorption
- Excretion

Front 9

The epithelial tissue attaches to an underlying layer of connective tissue by means of a thin non-cellular layer of adhesive, permeable material called? Which is formed by the union of the? and ?

Back 9

Basement Membrane
Basal Lamina
Reticular Lamina

Front 10

Name the 4 membranous epithelial cell shapes.

Back 10

1) Squamous
2) Cuboidal
3) Alumnae
4) Pseudostratisfied

Front 11

Which of the 4 membranous epithelial cell shapes appears flat and plate-like?

Back 11

Squamous

Front 12

Which type of gland is often called the "Ductless gland"?

Back 12

Endocrine gland

Front 13

What are the fuction of the connective tissue?

Back 13

1) Connects
2) supports
3) Transports
4) Protects

Front 14

Collagenous fibers can be found extensively in which of the 4 principle type of tissues?

Back 14

Fibrous connective tissue

Front 15

Which type of fibrous connective tissue is also known as areolar tissue?

Back 15

Loose connective tissue

Front 16

Which of the following is present in the greatest number in areolar tissue?
Fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells

Back 16

Fibroblasts

Front 17

What is the basic structural unit of a compound bone called? What is another name for it?

Back 17

Osteon
(Haversion system)

Front 18

Which bone tissue is call the spongy bone tissue?

Back 18

Cancellous

Front 19

What is the only cell type that is present in Carthage called?

Back 19

Chandrocyte

Front 20

Which connective tissue exists in a liquid state?

Back 20

Blood

Front 21

What is Hematopoisis?

Back 21

Process of producing RBC's

Front 22

Where is circulating blood tissue formed?

Back 22

Red bone marrow

Front 23

Describe the following muscle tissue. 1)Skeletal 2)Smooth 3)Cardiac

Back 23

1) striated; attach to bones
2) found in walls of hollow internal organs; non-striated
3) striated; involuntary; has intercalated discs

Front 24

What are the 2 basic kind of cells in a nervous tissue?

Back 24

Neurons and Neuroglia

Front 25

Which of the 3 epithelial membranes lines the cavities that are not open to the external environment?

Back 25

Serous Membranes

Front 26

Which type of Serous membranes cover the abdominal viscera and the lines of the abdominal cavity

Back 26

Peritoneum membrane

Front 27

In an average size adult, the skin surface is approximately how many square feet?

Back 27

17-18 square feet

Front 28

What term is used to denote the skin and it's appendages?

Back 28

Integumentary system

Front 29

What cells of the skin become filled with a tough, fibrous protein and make up more than 90% of the epidermal cells of the skin?

Back 29

Keratincytes

Front 30

What are Langerhans cells?

Back 30

Dendritic Cells (APC)

Front 31

Where do Langerhans cells originate?

Back 31

Originate in Bone marrow but migrate to deep cell layers of the epidermis.

Front 32

How do Langerhans cells play a role in immunity?

Back 32

They find marks(antigens) on bacteria and other invaders and present to other immune systems for recognition and destruction.

Front 33

What is the most superficial stratum of the epidermis and the deepest?

Back 33

1) Stratum Corneum
2) Stratum Basale

Front 34

Which skin layer contains eleidin?

Back 34

Stratum Lucidum

Front 35

Keratinization begins in which of the layers of the skin?

Back 35

Stratum Granulosum

Front 36

What gives Stratum spinosum it's spiny or prickly appearance?

Back 36

Desmosomes

Front 37

Which skin layer undergoes mitosis? What % of cells enter mitosis each day?

Back 37

Stratum Basale
10-12%

Front 38

How long time does regeneration time take?

Back 38

About 35 days

Front 39

Which skin layer is called the barrier area?

Back 39

Stratum Corneum

Front 40

What specialized area "glues" the epidermis to the dermis and is composed chiefly of the basement membrane?

Back 40

Dermal-epidermal junction

Front 41

True or False. The dermis is connective tissue and the epidermis is epithelial tissue.

Back 41

True

Front 42

What is sometimes is referred as the "True Skin"

Back 42

Dermis

Front 43

What are the 2 layers that compose of the dermis? Which of these layers is responsible for fingerprints?

Back 43

1) Papillary layer (resp. for fingerprints)
2) Reticular layer

Front 44

What are arrector pili muscles?

Back 44

Smooth muscles of the skin, attached to hair follicles. Causes contraction, hair stands up resulting in "goose flesh"

Front 45

What are the other names for the hypordermis? What structure does the hypordermis connect?

Back 45

Subcutaneous layer/ superficial fascia
- connects skin and other structures

Front 46

Name some of the substances that can be absorbed through the skin

Back 46

Estrogen and other sex hormones, corticoid hormones, nicotine, nitroglycerin, certain drugs.

Front 47

What time of the day is body temperature generally at it's highest?

Back 47

Late-afternoon

Front 48

Define Evaporation

Back 48

Conversion of water from a liquid state to a gaseous state

Front 49

Define Radiation

Back 49

Transfer of heat to another surface without contact with the body.

Front 50

Define Conduction

Back 50

Transfer of heat to another surface in contact with the body

Front 51

Define Convection

Back 51

Transfer of heat by movement of heated air or fluid particles

Front 52

True or False. Hair follicle is found the dermis.

Back 52

True

Front 53

Which cells are responsible for forming hairs?

Back 53

Germinal Matrix

Front 54

True or False.Hair alternates between periods of growth and rest.

Back 54

True

Front 55

The name for an extremely fine and soft hair coat. Mostly lost before birth and replaced by vellus hair.

Back 55

Lanugo

Front 56

Nails grow by mitosis of cells in the Stratum_____beneath the lanula.

Back 56

Germanativum

Front 57

What are the most numerous and widespread sweat glands in the body?

Back 57

Eccrine sweat glands

Front 58

What parts of the body are apocrine sweat glands located in.

Back 58

Axilla, areola of the breast, pigmented skin areas around anus

Front 59

What skin gland secretion lubricates te hair and skin

Back 59

Sebaceous gland

Front 60

How are blackheads formed?

Back 60

Increased secretion sebum during adolescence

Front 61

Malignant melanoma is associated with changes in a what?

Back 61

Mole

Front 62

Describe 1st degree burn

Back 62

Typical sunburn; causes minor discomfort

Front 63

Describe 2nd degree burn

Back 63

Has blisters; severe pain; generalized swelling, edema

Front 64

Describe 3rd degree burn

Back 64

insensitive to pain immediately after injury

Front 65

Define tissue and the four principle tissue types

Back 65

A group of similar cells that perform the same function.
1) Muscle
2) Nervous
3) Epithelial
4) Connective

Front 66

List at least 3 structures derived from each of the primary germ layer

Back 66

Ectoderm- Sweat and Sebaciuos glands; skin lining of mout, anus and nostrils.
Mesoderm- Connective tissue; muscles; blood
Endoderm- Epithelial lining of Urinary bladder; Thyroid, Parathyroid; urethra

Front 67

What are the 5 most important functions of epithelial tissue?

Back 67

1)Protection
2) Sensory Function
3) Secretion
4) Absorption
5) Excretion

Front 68

Which of the following best describes the number of blood vessels in epithelial tissue: none, very few, very numerous.

Back 68

None

Front 69

Explain how the shape of epithelial cells is used for classification purposes. Identify the four types of epithelium described in the classification process.

Back 69

Classified according to the shape and arrangement of cells.
1) Squamous
2) Cuboidal
3) Columnar
4) Pseudostratified

Front 70

Classify epithelium according to the layers of cells present.

Back 70

1) Simple Epithelium
2)Stratified Epithelium
3) Stratified Transitional Epithelium
4)Glandular Epithelium
5)

Front 71

List the types of simple and stratified epithelium and give examples of each

Back 71

Simple- Simple Squamous; Simple Cuboidal; Simple Columnar
Stratified- Squamous(Keratinized); Stratified Cuboidal; Stratified Columnar; Stratified Transitional;

Front 72

What is Glandular epithelium and give an example.

Back 72

Epithelium glands specialized for secretory activity.

Front 73

Discuss the structural classification of exocrine glands. Give examples of each type.

Back 73

Multi-cellular; have 2 or more duct; tubular or aveolar in shape. Refer to pg 158 Table 5-5

Front 74

Describe loose connective tissue

Back 74

(Areolar) its stretchable fibrous tissue consisting a glue that permits movement.

Front 75

How do the types of dense fibrous connective tissue differ from one another?

Back 75

Dependent upon the arrangement of the fibers some are classified as regular and others as irregular.

Front 76

List the 3 major types of muscle tissue

Back 76

1)Skeletal
2) Cardiac
3) smooth

Front 77

Identify the basic types of cells in a nervous tisue.

Back 77

Neuron
Neuroglia