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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lipid |
A category of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen compounds that are insoluble in water |
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Hydrophobic |
Having an aversion to water |
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Fatty Acid |
The basic unit of triglycerides and phospholipids |
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Saturated Fatty Acid |
A fatty acid that has all of its carbons bound with hydrogen |
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Saturated Fats |
Fats that contain mostly fatty acids |
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Monosaturated Fatty Acid (MUFA) |
A fatty acid that has a double bond |
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Unsaturated Fatty Acid |
A fatty acid that has one or more double bonds between carbons |
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Unsaturated Fats |
Fats that contain mostly unsaturated fatty acids |
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Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) |
A fatty acid with two or more double bonds |
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Essential Fatty Acids |
The two polyunsaturated fatty acids that the body cannot make and has to be eaten in foods |
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Linoleic Acid |
A polyunsaturated essential fatty acid; part of the omega-6 fatty acid family |
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Alpha-Linoleic Acid |
A polyunsaturated essential fatty acid; part of the omega-3 fatty acid family |
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Triglycerice |
Three fatty acids that are attached to a glycerol backbone |
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Glycerol |
The three carbon backbone of a triglyceride |
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Oils |
Lipids that are liquid at room temperature |
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Phospholipids |
Lipids made up of two fatty acids and a phosphate group attached to a glycerol backbone |
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Emulsifier |
A compound that keeps two incompatible substances, such as oil and water, mixed together |
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Sterol |
A liquid that contains four connecting rings of carbon and hydrogen |
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Precursor |
A substance that is converted into or leads to the formation of another substance |
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Diglyceride |
A glycerol with only two attached fatty acids |
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Monoglyceride |
A glycerol with only one attached fatty acid |
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Bile |
A secretion that's squirted into the small intestine to emulsify fat into smaller globules, which allows enzymes to break the fat down. Made in the liver and stored in the gallblader |
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Micelles |
Small transport carriers in the intestine that enable fatty acids and other compounds to be absorbed |
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Lymph |
Watery fluid that circulates through the body in lymph vessels and eventually enters the blood |
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Lipoproteins |
Capsule-shaped transport carriers that enable fat and cholesterol to travel through the lymph and blood |
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Chylomicron |
A type of lipoprotein that carries digested fat and other lipids through the lymph system into the blood |
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Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) |
A lipoprotein that delivers fat made in the liver to the tissues |
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Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) |
A lipoprotein that deposits cholesterol in the walls of the arteries. The bad cholesterol carrier because it can lead to disease |
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High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) |
A lipoprotein that removes cholesterol from the tissues and delivers it to the liver to be used as part of bile and/or to be excreted from the body. The good cholesterol carrier |
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Eicosanoids |
Hormone like substances in the body. Prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes are all eicosanoids |
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Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) |
Two omega-3 fatty acids that are heart healthy |
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Hydrogenation |
Adding hydrogen to an unsaturated fatty acid to make it more saturated and solid at room temperature |
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Trans fatty acids |
Substances that result from the hydrogenating of an unsaturated fatty acid, causing a reconfiguring of some of its double bonds. A small amount occurs naturally in animal food |
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Trans Fat |
Substance that contains mostly trans fatty acids |
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Rancidity |
The decomposition, or spoiling, of fats through oxidation
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Fat Substitutes |
Substances that replace added fat in foods by providing the creamy properties of fat for fewer calories and fewer grams of fat |
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Heart Attack |
Permanent damage to the heart muscle that results from a sudden lack of oxygen rich blood |
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Stroke |
A condition caused by a lack of oxygen to the brain that could result in paralysis and possibly death |
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Atherosclerosis |
Narrowing of the coronary arteries due to buildup of debris along the artery walls |
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Plaque |
The hardened buildup of cholesterol laden foam cells |
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Normal Blood Temperature |
Less than 120 mm Hg and less than 80mm Hg |
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Hypertension |
High blood pressure |
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Phytosterols |
Naturally occurring sterols found in plants |
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Flavonoids |
Phytochemicals found in fruits, vegetables, tea nuts, and seeds |
