Chapter 5

Front 1

Synthesis

Back 1

The process of building chemical compounds from smaller components by means of chemical reactions.

Front 2

Biosynthesis

Back 2

Biosynthesis is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined together to form macromolecules.

Front 3

Decomposition

Back 3

The process of breaking substances down into smaller chemical units.

Front 4

Cell respiration

Back 4

The series of chemical reactions by which a living cell breaks down carbohydrates and obtains energy from them.

Front 5

Aerobic

Back 5

Occurring or living in the presence of free or dissolved oxygen.

Front 6

Anaerobic

Back 6

Occurring or living in conditions without free or dissolved oxygen.

Front 7

Fermentation

Back 7

The release of energy during the chemical breakdown of food, especially sugars, in the absence of oxygen.

Front 8

Glycolysis

Back 8

The initial breakdown of a carbohydrate, usually glucose, into smaller molecules at the beginning of cell respiration or fermentation.

Front 9

Krebs cycle

Back 9

The cycle in cell respiration that completes the breakdown of the intermediate products of glycolysis, releasing energy, also, a source of carbon skeletons for use in biosynthesis reactions.

Front 10

ETS( electron transport system)

Back 10

The process in which electrons transfer from one carrier molecule to another in photosynthesis and in cell respiration; results in storage of some of the energy in ATP molecules.

Front 11

NADH and FADH2

Back 11

Both are chemical compounds. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and Flavin adenine dinucleotide.

Front 12

Pyruvate/ pyruvic acid

Back 12

3-carbon compound that is the end product of glycolysis.

Front 13

Lactate/ lactic acid

Back 13

Substance that forms from pyruvate to lactate produces NAD+, which cycles back through glycolysis.