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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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affirmative action |
a policy in educational admissions or job hiring that gives special attention or compensatory treatment to traditional disadvantaged groups in an effort to overcome present effects of past discrimination |
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civil disobedience |
a nonviolent public refusal to obey allegedly unjust laws |
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civil law |
the law regulating conduct between private persons over noncriminal matters, including contracts, domestic relations, and business interactions |
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civil rights |
generally, all rights rooted in the fourteenth amendment's guaranteed of equal protection under the law |
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common law |
judgemade law that originated in england from decisions shaped according to prevailing customs. decisions were applied to similar situations and thus gradually became common to the nation |
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criminal law |
the law that defines crimes and provides punishment for violations. in criminal cases the government is the prosecutor |
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defacto segregation |
racial segregation that occurs because of past social and economic conditions and residential racial patterns |
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dejure segregation |
racial segregation that occurs because of laws or administrative decisions by public agencies |
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feminism |
the movement that supports political economic and social equality for women |
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fertility rate |
a statistic that measures the average number or children that women in a given group are expected to have over the course of a lifetime |
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gender discrimination |
any practice, policy, or procedure that denies equality of treatment to an individual or to a group because of gender |
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grandfather clause |
a device used by southern states to disenfranchise african americans it restricted voting to those whose grandfathers had voted before 1867 |
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hispanic |
someone who can claim a heritage from a spanish-speaking country. the term is only used in the US or other countries that receive immigrants |
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intermediate scrutiny |
the standard used by the courts to determine whether a law or government action improperly discriminated against women |
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latino |
an alternative to the term hispanic that is preferred by many |
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literacy test |
a test administered as a precondition for voting, often used to prevent african americans from exercising their right to vote |
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majority |
more than 50 percent. or the age at which a person is entitled by law to the night to manage his or her own affairs |
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poll tax |
a special tax that had to be paid as a qualification for voting |
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rational basis review |
the standard used by the courts to determine the constitutionality of a law or government action if neither strict scrutiny nor intermediate scrutiny applies |
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reverse discrimination |
an affirmative action program discriminates against those who do not have minority status |
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separate but equal doctrin |
the doctrine holding that separate but equal facilities do not violate the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment to the US constitution |
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sexual harrassment |
unwanted physical or verbal conduct of a sexual nature |
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strict scrutiny |
a judicial standard for assessing the constitutionally of a law or government action when the law or action threatens to interfere with a fundamental right or potentially discriminates against members or a suspect classification |
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suffrage |
the right to vote |
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suspect classification |
a classification such as race, religion, or national origin that triggers such scrutiny by the courts when a law or government action potentially discriminates against members of the class |
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white primary |
a state primary elections that restricts voting to whites only outlawed by the supreme court in 1944 |
